Physical Growth and Development: 8th Grade

1. Physical Growth and Development: 8th Grade Heather Morgan Melissa Wogsland Renée Gilpin Molly Hughes

2. The Physical Development of a Child Newborn – Age 6 “The child must know that he is a miracle, that since the beginning of the world there hasn't been, and until the end of the world there will not be, another child like him." Pablo Casals

3. • 7.2 pounds at birth, and 18.5-22 inches (Average weight and height statistics for newborn) • Lies in fetal position with knees tucked up • Not able to raise head • In newborns, reflexes govern behavior • Startles to sudden sound • Distance vision is poor At Birth

4. · 22 pounds at one year, and 28-29 inches (average weight and height statistics for 1 year old) · Stands holding furniture, may be walking · Bends down and picks objects off floor · Points · Holds a spoon Age 1

5. • 28 pounds at two years, and 30 to 31 inches (average weight and height statistics for 2 year old) • Can kick a big ball • Brain increased in size to 55% of adult size · Builds a tower of 6 blocks · Turns pages of a book one at a time Age 2

6. · 31-33 pounds, and 33 inches (average weight and height statistics for 3 year old) · Can pedal and steer a tricycle · Copies circles and other simple shapes · Can cut with scissors · Build a tower with nine blocks Age 3

7. · 35-35 pounds, and 37 inches (Average weight and height statistics for a 4 year old) · Can sit with knees crossed · Copies more complex shapes · Can turn sharp corners when running · Increased skill with balls and games · Builds a tower of 10 blocks Age 4

8. Age 5 (Average weight and height statistics for a 5 year old) · 40-42 pounds and 40 inches · Can walk along a thin line · Can skip and hop on both feet · Can draw a man and copy printing · Colors carefully

9. · 46 pounds and 41-42 inches (Average weight and height statistics for 6 year old) · Learns to jump rope · Knows right from left · Ties shoelaces Age 6

10. Ages 6-12

11. ...Also called: The "Middle Childhood Years" *On average, the steady growth of middle childhood results in an increase in height of a little over 2 inches a year in both boys and girls. Weight gain averages about 6.5 pounds a year. *Most children have a slimmer appearance during middle childhood than they did during their preschool years, this is due to shifts in the accumulation and location of body fat.

12. *Often, a child's legs become longer in proportion to the body than they were before. *Children experience the loss of baby teeth and the emergence of permanent adult teeth during this time. *A school-age child's hair may become darker while the texture and appearance of their skin will gradually change as well, becoming more like that of an adult.

13. Improvement in Muscle Development/Gross Motor Skills (Gross motor skills require the use of large muscle groups in the arms and legs, as well as strength and stamina.) ...Improvements are generally evident in skills such as running, jumping and climbing, due to coordination changes from incomplete and uneven movements to smoother, stronger, more coordinated motor skills by the end of middle childhood.

14. *At this point children can usually skip, stop and change direction while running, and may be able throw a ball with increased accuracy. *Children’s reaction time also improves during this stage. This improved coordination, combined with cognitive and social development helps them to engage in games with rules by the age of 8...Think back to some games you played at this age... What are some examples?

15. Fine Motor Skill Improvement Activities such as improved drawing abilities, typing on a keyboard, and using scissors can also be mastered during this time - due to improved fine motor skills.

16. Important Factors Influencing Growth and Development Children between the ages of 5-12 generally need 10-11 hours of sleep each night due to important biological processes that occur during the stages of sleep. Proper nutrition and exercise are crucial during this stage! These provide fuel for physical growth, and are linked to positive cognitive, social, and emotional development.

17. Additional Factors ...other factors contribute to a range of variations seen in the physical growth and development of children in ALL stages. *Heredity *Culture *Gender *Nutrition *Environment ...and many more!

18. Puberty Definition:The beginning of the period of growing and changing from a child to an adult is called puberty. Context: During puberty, both boys and girls experience many changes, including growth spurts, the maturation of their sex organs, and mood swings.

19. During puberty, your body will grow faster than at any other time in your life, except for when you were a baby. • Usually, puberty starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and ages 10 and 15 in boys. This wide range in ages may help explain why some of your friends still look like young kids whereas others look more like adults.

20. Hormones (Pituitary Gland) BOYS -Hormones travel through blood and tell testes to begin making testosterone and sperm. -TESTOSTERONE is the hormone that causes most of the changes in a boy's body during puberty, and men need sperm to be able to reproduce (be the father of a baby). GIRLS - Hormones target the two ovaries which contain eggs that have been in the girl's body since she was born. - The ovaries start making another hormone, called ESTROGEN: preparing a girl's body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday.

21. DEVELOPMENT -growth spurts -taking shape -hair growth -voice changes -PU in puberty -menstrual period -vaginal discharge -wet dreams -erections Puberty Tool Kit -emotional changes

23. Adulthood 30 +

24. Sensory Functioning • Sensory Functioning declines are noticeable starting in mid 40's • Hearing loss for high-pitched sounds (especially in men) • Eye's ability to focus declines • Loss of near vision (need for reading glasses) • Need more brightness to see • Sensitivity to taste, smell, and pain also decline but the decline is more gradual so less noticeable than vision and hearing

25. Motor Functioning • Strength and coordination decline This is due to loss of muscle mass which is replaced by fat • The more people do the more they CAN do • Endurance holds up better than strength • Reaction time slows, especially for motor responses • Experience makes up for physical changes

26. Reproductive Functioning • Women's ability to bear children ends • Men can still father children but their fertility is greatly reduced • Both experience decline in sex hormones • Women on average experience menopause between the ages of 40 and 61 • Menopause is when women produce less estrogen, their ovulation and menstruation stop. • Men's decline in sex hormones on average occurs about 10 years later than women.

27. It's very important to remember that every person develops and grows differently!! "Always remember that you are absolutely unique. Just like everyone else." - Margaret Mead “Today you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is You-er than You.” - Dr. Seuss

28. Physical Growth and Development Worksheet / Study Guide Age 2 The 2 year old brain is _______ of adult size. Age 4 Increased skills with ________ and _________. Age 6 Knows __________ from __________. Middle childhood years Weight gain averages about ______ pounds a year. Due to coordination changes from incomplete and uneven movements to smoother, stronger, more coordinated ________ _______ by the end of middle childhood. Activities such as improved drawing abilities, typing on a keyboard, and using scissors are mastered due to improved _________ ________ skills. Puberty The beginning of the period of growing and changing from a child to an adult is called ________. Usually, puberty starts between ages ____-____in girls and ages ___-___ in boys. __________is the hormone that causes most of the changes in a boy's body during puberty. The ovaries start making another hormone, called ________. Adulthood Hearing loss for _______-_______ sounds. __________holds up better than strength. Menopause is when women produce less________, and their ovulation and menstruation stop.

29. Charades! Categories: 1. Infancy and Early Childhood 2. Middle Childhood 3. Adolescence 4. Adulthood