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人为假定的电压或电流的方向。根据此参考方向计算电压和电流值，依据计算值的正负再结合参考方向，可确定电压和电流的实际方向。

i >0. 实际方向. 参考方向. i. 参考方向. 人为假定的电压或电流的方向。根据此参考方向计算电压和电流值，依据计算值的正负再结合参考方向，可确定电压和电流的实际方向。. u. u. +. +. i. i. 非关联参考方向. 关联参考方向. 关联参考方向. 当某一元件或电路端口所假定的电压和电流的参考方向，是参考电流从参考电压的正极流入，负极流出。则为关联参考方向，否则为非关联参考方向。.

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人为假定的电压或电流的方向。根据此参考方向计算电压和电流值，依据计算值的正负再结合参考方向，可确定电压和电流的实际方向。

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  1. i >0 实际方向 参考方向 i 参考方向 人为假定的电压或电流的方向。根据此参考方向计算电压和电流值，依据计算值的正负再结合参考方向，可确定电压和电流的实际方向。

  2. u u + + i i 非关联参考方向 关联参考方向 关联参考方向 当某一元件或电路端口所假定的电压和电流的参考方向，是参考电流从参考电压的正极流入，负极流出。则为关联参考方向，否则为非关联参考方向。

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