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President’s Diplomatic & Military Powers (14.3)

President’s Diplomatic & Military Powers (14.3). Treaties. Treaty – formal agreement b/w 2 or more countries Have same legal standing as acts passed by Congress Congress has power to abrogate (to repeal) treaties if a provision is found to be in conflict w/federal law

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President’s Diplomatic & Military Powers (14.3)

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  1. President’s Diplomatic & Military Powers (14.3)

  2. Treaties • Treaty – formal agreement b/w 2 or more countries • Have same legal standing as acts passed by Congress • Congress has power to abrogate (to repeal) treaties if a provision is found to be in conflict w/federal law • Never happened in U.S. history

  3. Treaties • Requires ___ senate approval • ___ creates potential for small minority to kill a possible treaty • 1920 – S rejected Treaty of Versailles • Treaty officially ended WWI • S rejected it b/c of its provisions on the League of Nations

  4. Treaties • 1845 – Senate defeated Texas annexation treaty • Tyler called for a joint resolution on the Texas issue, which required only a majority vote in each house • 234 representatives = 117 required for majority • 54 senators = 27 required for majority • 2/3 senate approval = 36 required to pass treaty

  5. Executive Agreements • Pact b/w the P and head of another country • Do not require Senate approval • Has been used to help supply countries fighting in wars • U.S. supplied naval ships to U.K. during WWII in exchange for using bases along the eastern Canadian coast

  6. Commander in Chief • Congress has power to declare war; P makes the ultimate military decision • P delegates authority to appropriate military counsel  not required to • Washington: 1st P to lead federal troops into battle during Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • Why would the P visit w/American troops during a war?

  7. Undeclared War • P can use troops to fight a war w/o Congress’ permission • 1798: Adams sent naval warships to fight French in Atlantic in the Quasi-War • Early 1800s: Jefferson & Madison sent naval ships to fight Barbary Coast pirates in Tripoli • Korean War (1950-1953) & Vietnam War (1965-1973) were undeclared wars

  8. Undeclared War • War Powers Resolution (1973) • P can sent troops into an area where a battle/war has started for 60 days • P must notify Congress w/i 48 hrs. of sending troops • P must report to Congress for a 30-day extension • Congress can end troop commitment @ any time • Congress has power to declare war, raise/support soldiers, and control funding for the war • Congress check P’s power by restricting funding for troops

  9. President’s Legislative & Judicial Powers (14.4)

  10. Recommending Legislation • P sends 3 major messages to Congress each yr. • State of the Union • P’s budget message • Annual economic report • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1PWQtCDaYY

  11. Judicial Powers • Reprieve – Postponing a sentence • Pardon – Legal forgiveness for a crime • Must be accepted by the person being pardoned • Commutation – Reducing length of sentence or fine imposed by court • Amnesty – Blanket pardon for group of law violaters • Applies to federal crimes ONLY

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