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Unit 4: Early Modern Period

Unit 4: Early Modern Period . 1450-1750. Tabs. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange 4.2 Social Organization & Production 4.3 State Consolidation & Imperialism. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange. Intensification of existing trade networks

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Unit 4: Early Modern Period

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  1. Unit 4: Early Modern Period 1450-1750

  2. Tabs 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange 4.2 Social Organization & Production 4.3 State Consolidation & Imperialism

  3. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange • Intensification of existing trade networks • Led to prosperity & economic disruption II. Transoceanic trade/exploration possible w/ new technology • Astrolabe, cartography, caravel, global wind patterns • Chinese maritime expanded: Zheng He • Portuguese navigation school • Spain sponsors Atlantic voyage (Colombus)

  4. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange • Oceania & Polynesia unaffected by European recon. In Pacific III. New global circulation of goods by European royal chartered monopoly • Silver in Spanish colonies to purchase Asian goods • Global economy • Europeans used mercantilism & joint-stock companies for competition and control of colonies

  5. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange • Atlantic trade= goods, wealth, unfree laborers, mixture of cultures • Colombian Exchange • Spread of disease • American foods = staple crops (potato, maize) • Cash crops= slave labor; sugar, tobacco • European goods to New World= horses, cattle, sheep, rice • Nutrition/health improved • Colonization affected physical environment

  6. 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Comm. & Exchange • Spread & reform of existing religions • Split within Islam (Sunni/Shi’a) • Split within Christianity (Reformation) • Funding of the arts • Renaissance Europe • Literacy expands (Shakespeare, Cervantes)

  7. 4.2 Social Organization & Production • Peasant agriculture increases= demand for raw materials • Serfdom (Russia); Cotton (India); Silk (China) • Export of Africans to Indian Ocean & Atlantic • Colonies depended on forced labor (Encomienda, chattel slavery) • New social/political hierarchies • Change in gender roles • Smaller families • Massive demographic change in Americas

  8. 4.3 State Consolidation & Imperialism • Rulers legitimize & consolidate power • Divine right (Eur.) • Human Sacrifice (Meso.Amer.) • Treatment of ethnic minorities • Tribute/tax collection II. Imperialism depends on gunpowder • Europeans create trading posts in Indian Ocean • Land empires expand (Russia, Mughal, Ottoman) • Maritime empires (Port., Sp., Fr., Eng., Du.) • Competition over trade empires

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