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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. BIOCHEMISTRY. 3-1: Carbon Compounds. Who’s made of them???. Organic Compounds Vs. Inorganic. Carbon, carbon, carbon! Living organisms...mostly __________ Almost everything else is _________!. No carbon. CARBON. # valence electrons? Wants to bond to Forms:.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 BIOCHEMISTRY

  2. 3-1: Carbon Compounds • Who’s made of them???

  3. Organic Compounds Vs. Inorganic • Carbon, carbon, carbon! • Living organisms...mostly __________ • Almost everything else is _________! • No carbon

  4. CARBON • # valence electrons? • Wants to bond to • Forms:

  5. What are the “lines”? • Each C forms HOW MANY bonds?  Single, Dbl, Tpl

  6. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS • Clusters of • Hydroxyl groups • Soluble in

  7. Quick Lab: Polarity

  8. Making Large Carbon Molecules: “MACROMOLECULES” • MONOMER: • POLYMER:

  9. How’s It Work? • Condensation Reactions

  10. Figure 3.4 Condensation of Polymers : Water is removed; Cov bond forms b/w monomers

  11. In words... • WATER comes from • Monomers? Polymer?

  12. Tasty. Gotta break it down. HOW? • Reactions • REVERSE of • is USED to break bonds

  13. Figure 3.4 Hydrolysis of Polymers– water is added; cov bond b/w monomers is broken

  14. ACT IT OUT! • You’re lots of monomers • One by one you link up..... “??? reactions?” • Now you’re a .... “???” • Now one by one you break up... “??? Reactions?” • Now you’re “???”

  15. ATP • A t p • 3 “parts”: • Phosphates joined by • Break  releases • reaction

  16. http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60028.htmhttp://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60028.htm

  17. Page 54: 1-3, 5-7, 10

  18. 3-2: Organic Compounds

  19. What is an organic compound??? • Compounds made up of ... • C, H, O

  20. Proteins • Monomers: Amino Acids, peptide bonded together • C,H,O, N & Sometimes S • Major use? • Structural (keratin) • Functional (enzymes, hemoglobin) http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60044.htm

  21. Amino Acids • (monomers for proteins) • basic structure • Central carbon atom • A single Hydrogen atom • A Carboxyl group • An amino group • R group R group

  22. Peptide Bonds • Special covalent bond • condensation reaction

  23. Amino Acids • 20 different ones used by human body • Body produces most • not all; not in great enough quantities • Two categories • Essential - must be obtained by food • Non-essential - produced by human body

  24. Amino Acids in Food • plants and seeds • Animal products • Ex. Eggs, milk, fish, poultry, and beef

  25. 1 type of Protein: Enzymes • Biological catalysts • ESSENTIAL FOR CELL FUNCTION!!! • Substrate(s) fits @ active site(s) • Reaction occurs here  product(s)

  26. Draw it!!

  27. Enzymes http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60034.htm

  28. Fast Food Math

  29. Lipids • C,H,O & Non-polar • NOT soluble in water • Examples include… • Fats-- Triglycerides • Oils • Waxes • Uses: • Cell membranes--phospholipids • Steroid hormones http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60035.htm

  30. Lipids...more uses • Excess fats stored by the body • Under skin for warmth • Around organs for protection • Long-term (stored) source of energy!!!

  31. Lipids • Monomers: glycerol & fatty acids • Diff Structures: • Saturated • all C atoms connected with single bonds • Unsaturated • At least one C bond is a double bond • Polyunsaturated • Two or more bonds are double Ex: phospholipids, butter, oils

  32. Carbohydrates • Monomer: sugar • C,H,O in 1:2:1 ratio • Short-term source of energy • (cell respiration) • Sugars are quickly converted to ATP • Usable energy

  33. Carbohydrates Ex: glucose, glycogen, sucrose Ex: glucose, glycogen, sucrose • Three types of sugars • Monosaccharides • Simple, one sugar • Disaccharides • Two chemically bonded monosaccharides • Polysaccharides • Complex, made up of many monosaccharides • Requires use of enzyme to break down to useable form http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60029.htm

  34. Nucleic Acids • 2 examples/types: • DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA • Ribonucleic acid http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60041.htm

  35. For both: • Monomer: Nucleotide • Three parts • Phosphate group • Five-carbon sugar • Ring shaped nitrogenous base

  36. p. 60 #1-5, 7, 8, 10

  37. Ch 3 Review

  38. Pineapple Enzyme LabPrediction Table

  39. Pineapple Enzyme LabData Table

  40. Pineapple enzyme lab PROCEDURE: Label all cups with your period & team name and label them: FRESH, CANNED, PLAIN Make Jello according to instructions on box. Put one piece of canned pineapple in the “CANNED” cup. Put one piece of fresh pineapple into the “FRESH” cup. Carefully pour 15mL of Jello into each of your three cups MEASURE CAREFULLY, THIS IS AN EXPERIMENT!! Refrigerate overnight. Make qualitative observations tomorrow. CLEAN UP YOUR LAB AREA!!! You will lose points if you leave it a mess

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