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sounds in which there is no obstruction of the airflow as they pass through the larynx. The Vowels of English. Vowels. All vowels are considered voiced => the vocal cords are vibrating when producing the sounds. Characteristics of vowels.
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sounds in which there is no obstruction of the airflow as they pass through the larynx The Vowels of English
Vowels • All vowels are considered voiced => the vocal cords are vibrating when producing the sounds
Characteristics of vowels • Involves flow of the airstream out of the mouth over the central part of the tongue with stoppage or local turbulence in the mouth => central, oral, sonorant
Sonorants => Involves no closure or stricture of the stricture of the airstream but stead relatively unimpeded airflow • Only some sonorants are oral • Some vowels are nasalized. Vowel = central oral sonorant
Vowels Classification • Positions of the tongue in the mouth 1.) Tongue height (how far the tongue is raised – high-mid-low) 2.) Tongue backness (which part of the tongue- front – central – back) 3.) Lip rounding (rounded – unrounded) 4.) A degree of tension (tense or lax)
1. Tongue height • How much space there is between the tongue and roof of the mouth High i ‘bee’ Mid e ‘bet’ Low Q ‘bat’
2. Tongue back • The horizontal tongue position during the articulation of a vowel. Front i ‘beat’ Central ‘bird’ Back u ‘boot’
Vowel diagram => is shaped as an inverted triangle or trapeziod. • Can portray the positions of the highest point on the tongue for the respective vowels
Cardinal vowels • Theoretical vowel qualities against which the actual vowels of the language are being compared. It has the 4 levels of IPA system • iu • e o • • a A
American English vowels Front Central Back High i ‘beat’ u ‘boot’ I ‘bit’ U ‘put’ Mid e ‘bait’ ‘sofa’ o ‘boat’ ‘bet’ ‘but’ ‘bought’ Low Q ‘bat’ ‘pot’
British English vowels Front Central Back High i ‘beat’ u ‘boot’ I ‘bit’ U ‘put’ Mid e ‘bet’ ‘bird’ ‘bought’ ‘sofa’ ‘but’ Low Q ‘bat’ ‘pot’ A ‘bath’
3. Lip Rounding http://clas.mq.edu.au/phonetics/phonetics/vowelartic/lip_posture.html
4. Tenseness • Some vowels need a greater degree of muscular tension in the mouth and jaw when they are produced than others. • Tense vowels => produced with more muscular effort in the mouth and jaw (long vowels with symbol are tense) • Lax vowels => produced with more relaxing mouth and jaw
