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BIODIVERSITY REVIEW

Explore the significance of biodiversity in ecosystems and its impact on agriculture, medicine, ethics, ecotourism, and ecosystem stability. Learn about endemic, keystone, threatened, endangered, and extinct species, and understand reasons for extinction.

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BIODIVERSITY REVIEW

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  1. BIODIVERSITY REVIEW

  2. Wilderness • The U.S. Wilderness Act designated certain lands as wilderness areas. • These lands are called National Parks.

  3. What is wilderness? • An area of land that is not inhabited by people

  4. Biodiversity is… • The variety and number of different organisms living in an ecosystem

  5. How does biodiversity affect the following? • Agriculture: the more plants and animals we have, the more food is available to us • If a disease were to wipe out a certain variety of crops, then if we preserve biodiversity, we will still have food available! • Medicine: drugs and treatments come from plants and animals. • If we did not have certain plants and animals, and even bacteria and fungus, then we would not have such medicine – like antibiotics. • Ethics: Plants and animals are living things! • THEY HAVE A RIGHT TO LIVE!!!

  6. How does biodiversity affect the following? • Ecotourism: Tourists are attracted to places with high biodiversity due to their wildlife and beauty. • People will pay money to go to a Park or Hotspot to enjoy its Biodiversity! • Stability of Ecosystems: If you remove one species from an ecosystem, then any organisms that it depends on/depends on it, will then be affected. • Think of what happens when you remove an organism from its food chain or niche.

  7. Stability of Ecosystems: • ENDEMIC SPECIES • A species that is native to an area. It can only be found in that area! • Humuhumunukunukuapua’a to Hawaii  • Koala/Kangaroo to Australia • Emperor Penguin to Antarctica • CAN YOU COME UP WITH OTHERS!?!?!

  8. Stability of Ecosystems: • KEYSTONE SPECIES • A species that is crucial to the function of its environment. Its removal will dramatically affect remaining organisms in its ecosystem. • Sea stars that maintain shellfish populations. • Sea otters maintain urchin populations – who maintain kelp populations. • Grizzly bears add fertilizer to soil. • CAN YOU COME UP WITH OTHERS!?!?

  9. Stability of Ecosystems: • THREATENED SPECIES: • “Almost Endangered” • Protected Species • Grizzly Bear • Lynx • Bald Eagle • Panda • Polar Bear

  10. Stability of Ecosystems: • ENDANGERED SPECIES • “Almost Extinct” • Protected Species • Caribou • Manatee • Blue / Humpback Whale • Atlantic Salmon • Gorilla • Sea Otter • Jaguars/Pumas

  11. Stability of Ecosystems: • EXTINCT SPECIES • All gone… • T rex • Dodo • Mammoth • Saber Tooth Tiger • Giant Sloth • Quagga (half zebra/half horse)

  12. QUICK QUIZ: • Which is species will most likely become extinct the first? • One living in a small population • One living in a large population • One that breeds quickly • One that is protective outer shells and withstand extreme conditions

  13. QUICK QUIZ: • ANSWER: • An organism that lives in a SMALL POPULATION will most likely become extinct the first due to the small number of genes/diversity in that population!

  14. Reasons for Extinction: • A. Species not native to an area will threaten the native species due to no natural predators • INVASIVE SPECIES • B. Collecting horns from rhinos and elephants • POACHING • C. People use animals as food, plants, wood, medicine, and for pets • HUNTING

  15. Reasons for Extinction: • D. Deforestation is a cause of: • HABITAT DESTRUCTION • E. Toxins leak into food web and cause biomagnification: • POLLUTION • F. Fishing to provide food for a family (legally): • HUNTING • G. With the rise in populations, more land is being destroyed for homes: • HABITAT DESTRUCTION

  16. Reasons for Extinction: • Illegal hunting and fishing: • POACHING • Following Endangered Species Act’s regulations on deer hunting: • HUNTING • Selling/trading an endangered/threatened species: • POACHING

  17. Reasons for Extinction: • Buying honeysuckle and hibiscus plants, originally from the tropics, for your backyard: • INVASIVE SPECIES • Animals choke and strangle themselves on plastic and litter in the ocean: • POLLUTION

  18. The picture below…

  19. … is a HOT SPOT • Islands • Rainforests • Coral Reefs • Coasts – Rocky/Sandy • Salt Marshes

  20. Endangered Species Act • 1. list of endangered/threatened species compiled by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • 2. “Protected species” are protected from harm – such as they can not be killed, uprooted, or sold/traded • 3. Prevents any kind of activity that will potentially harm protected species • 4. Species recovery plan for all listed species

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