CLEAN DIESEL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

1. ,. CLEAN DIESEL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM Diesel Emission Control Retrofit Users Conference Pasadena, CA February 6 -7, 2001

2. OUTLINE • NYCT Operations • Program Objectives; Partners and Roles • Project Work Plan • Field Demonstration • Emissions Testing • Fuels Matrix Testing • Technology Issues • Current Results

3. NYCT Bus Operations • Number of Depots: 18 • Employees: 12,159 • Bus Routes / Bus Stops: 234 / 14,000 • Ridership: 2.0 million weekday • Revenue Miles: 102 million annually • Diesel Fuel Used: 40 million US Gal. in 1999

4. NYCT Bus Fleet 2000 2006 3,862 2,022 40' Diesel Transit 280 660 45' Diesel Coach 148 629 60' Diesel Articulated 90 649 40' CNG Transit 10 390 40' Hybrid Transit Total 4,390 4,350

5. PROJECT OBJECTIVES • Evaluate the particulate emissions reductions available using JMI’s CRT TM technology in conjunction with reduced sulfur diesel fuel • Evaluate the applicability of the technology to both new 4-stroke and older 2-stroke diesel engines • Evaluate the maintainability and durability of CRTs in rigorous New York City bus service • Evaluate fuel parameters that can enhance future commercial success

6. TECHNOLOGY • Continuously Regenerating Technology • Oxidation catalyst and wall-flow ceramic filter • Packaged to replicate OEM muffler dimensions • No moving parts • No external energy requirements • Reduced Sulfur Diesel Fuel • Base specification similar to #1 Diesel • Sulfur level of 30 ppm (350 - 500 ppm standard) • Lubricity enhancement

7. Johnson Matthey CRT TM Outlet Section Filter Section Catalyst Section Inlet Section Honeycomb Catalyst Wall-flow Filter

8. PROJECT PARTNERS • Johnson Matthey - CRT technology • Corning - ceramic filters • Equilon - reduced sulfur diesel fuel • Environment Canada - emissions testing • New York State Department of Environmental Conservation - program development/testing • RAD Energy - fuel logistics • MTA New York City Transit - bus operations

9. Budget CRT Purchase/Installation $497,055 Reduced Sulfur Fuel Purchase $761,364 Emissions Testing $228,678 Fuels Matrix Testing $311,826 Technical Support $170,470 Project Management $108,280 Total $2,077,673

10. PROJECT WORKPLAN • Fleet Demonstration • In service test of 50 buses for 1 year • Emissions Testing • Baseline testing • Durability testing • Fuels Matrix Evaluation • Fuel additives • Sulfur sensitivity • Aromatics content

11. FLEET DEMONSTRATION • 50 buses equipped with CRT systems in revenue service in Manhattan for one year • 25 1999 buses with Detroit Diesel Series 50 engines • 25 1993 buses with Detroit Diesel 6V92 DDEC engines • One entire depot (140 buses) to operate on reduced sulfur fuel for one year (1.2 mill gallons) • 4 buses equipped with continuous data loggers; all others will be monitored monthly for changes in engine back-pressure, and fuel economy

12. EMISSIONS TESTING • 4 buses tested at the beginning of the program • 2 w/ DDC Series 50 engine; 2 w/ DDC 6V92 engine • Each bus tested with OEM muffler/standard fuel, with OEM muffler/30 ppm sulfur fuel, and with CRT system/30 ppm sulfur fuel • Test on chassis dynomometer using CBD and New York bus cycles • Collect info on criteria emissions (CO, HC,NOx, PM), plus particle size and toxicity • Re-test each bus after 9 - 12 months in service

13. CHASSIS DYNOMOMETER

14. FUELS MATRIX TESTING • Test various fuel formulations on engine dyno using a 1996 DDC Series 50 Urban bus engine • Fuel formulations will vary by sulfur content, aromatics content, proprietary additive packages • If a new formulations is judged superior to reference reduced sulfur fuel, perform limited field testing • Equip 2 Series 50 OC Transpo Buses with CRTs and data loggers, operate for 3 months • Chassis dyno emissions test

15. ENGINE TEST CELL

16. FUEL LOGISTICS • Purchase and use of non-commercial fuel requires special handling • Segregated bulk transportation (barge) • Segregated bulk storage in NYC region • Segregated delivery to depot • Project purchased all 1.2 million gallons in a single batch to ensure product consistency • Testing fuel came from same batch as fuel used in fleet demonstration • Handling is largest share of incremental cost

17. CURRENT RESULTS 6V92 • Prototype CRT system successfully demonstrated in service for 4 weeks • In-service exhaust temperatures at lower margin of acceptable - especially with low ambient temp • Improved insulation of exhaust path has helped • 3 CRT buses “plugged” in service - root cause under investigation; potential fuel effect unrelated to sulfur • Durability test suspended

18. CURRENT RESULTS S50 • Prototype testing showed in-service exhaust temperatures to be very acceptable • Nine month Fleet demonstration Completed • CRT buses have logged over 750,000 miles (up to 40,000 miles/bus) • No CRT-related road calls; MBDF of CRT fleet is equivalent to non-CRT buses • No back-pressure problems • No measured loss of fuel economy • 25 CRT buses still in service

19. CRT INSTALLATION S50 Engine Outlet of CRT CRT behind heat shield Inlet to CRT DDEC Temperature Port Temperature and Back pressure port for data collection

20. S50 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE

21. S50 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE

22. S50 BACK PRESSURE* * No load wide open throttle test

23. Emissions Test Results: S50 on CBD ULSD = 29 -78% Reduction ULSD + CRT = 88 - 94% Reduction

24. Emissions Test Results: S50 on NYB 93- 98% Reduction

25. FUTURE PROJECT SCHEDULE • Resolve 6V92 issues and re-start Fleet Demonstration if possible • Conduct Fuels Matrix Testing beginning March 2001 • Durability emissions testing on-going. Complete and publish results summer 2001.

26. NYCT PLANS • Based on success of pilot program, NYCT has committed to aggressive implementation of Clean diesel technology fleet-wide • Convert entire fleet to ULSD (completed 9/00) • Retrofit entire fleet with catalyzed filters (250 installed to date; 3,500+ NLT 12/03) • In addition, NYCT will retire all 2-stroke engines NLT 12/03 • Will require “re-powering” up to 800 buses with new 4-stroke EGR engines