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The foundations of Chemistry

The foundations of Chemistry. Hassan A. Albar and Ammen F. Fahmy King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah and Ean Shames University, Cairo, Egypt Chemistry Department. Time. Energy. Spaert. Materials. God. Universe. S.D.1: The Law of Conservation of Matter & Energy.

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The foundations of Chemistry

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  1. The foundations of Chemistry Hassan A. Albar andAmmen F. Fahmy King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah and Ean Shames University, Cairo, Egypt Chemistry Department

  2. Time Energy Spaert Materials God Universe S.D.1: The Law of Conservation of Matter & Energy

  3. Body Growing NOT Growing Life Materials Life and Materials in Motion ?? Spaert God Universe ??? S.D.2: Why we are living in this earth apart of the universe?

  4. Light Mechanical Electrical Heat Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Energy S.D.3: Classification of Energy

  5. Strong Economic Objective of learning and teaching Economical Natural Materials Humans rescores T.C. Educated society S.D.4: Objective of learning and teaching

  6. Chemistry Chemistry Teacher Student Agriculture Industry Industry Agriculture S.D.5: Relationshep between Chemistry & Industry - Agriculture

  7. Neutral intermediate education ministry Chemistry Society Student ( ) Teacher ( ) S.D.6 : Relationship between Society & Education with teachers & Students

  8. Subject in Chemistry ؟ Application In The Field Application from Life Environmental S.D.7 : Strategy of teaching

  9. Converted T I M E Reactants (Materials) Products (Materials) Wight Energy S.D.8: The Law of Conservation of Matter & Energy

  10. Converted T I M E Plant (Org. Mat.) CO2 + H2O (Materials) Under suitable conditions Wight Wight Wight Heat Energy Light Enerhy Heat Energy Light Energy Heat Energy Light Enerhy S.D.9: Recycling of the Natural Materials

  11. Water Materials Stomeic Cell universe Earth Science Energy S.D.10: States of Matter

  12. مخلـوط Subject in Chemistry Environmental 5 8 Material 7 6 Compound Element Atoms 1 2 Molecules Application from the Life Application in the Lab. 3 4 S.D.11: Relationship between Materials & Mixture, Compd., Element, Atom, Molecule

  13. Element (2) (1) (6) Molecule (4) Atom (5) ؟؟؟ (3) Cl Cl - Cl Cl2

  14. Chemical Bonds Formal Charges Properties of periodic Table StructureFormula Electronic configuration Lewis Formulas ELECTRONS S.D.21: Relationship between Structure Formula and Chemical Reactions

  15. Oxygen Oxygen O2 2O O O3 O O2 H-H O=O 2O2 2O Cl-Cl N N

  16. Al2O3 Al2(SO4)3 HCl HNO3 H2SO4 H3PO4 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 CaCO3 NaOH Ca(OH)2

  17. 23Na 35Cl 11 17 Molecular Wt. Atomic No. Molecular Wt. Atomic No.

  18. .. .. :Cl:- :Na:+ .. .. Anion Cl- Cation Na+ 17Cl : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 11Na : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 17Cl- = 18Ar : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 11Na+ = 10Ne : 1s2 2s2 2p6 Ionic Bond

  19. Cl d- .. Hd+ Cl: .. .. H Covelant Polar Bond 17Cl : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 1H : 1s1 3p1z 1s1 Covelant Polar Bond

  20. .. .. .. .. .. .. H .. .. Cl: Cl: Cl: :Cl :Cl .. .. .. .. .. .. .. :Cl:- :Na:+ .. .. Polar Covalent bond Ionic Bond Anion Cl- Covalent bond Cation Na+

  21. H (Group I) Cl (group VII) Law ionization Energy, first High ionization Energy, first Positive Electron affinity form Cation Negative Electron affinity form Anion Law electronegativity High electronegativity ٍBig Atomic Radii And small Cation Radii Small Atomic Radii and Big Anion Radii Polar Covalent bond H - Cl S.D.21: Relationship between the kind of bonds and periodic properties

  22. 17Cl 11Na الخواص VII I .. المجموعة .. :Cl:- :Na:+ 3 3 الدورة .. .. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 التوزيع الإلكتروني Big Small الحجم Big Small جهد التأين الأول High Law السالبية الكهربية Big, Form Anion Small, form Cation الميل (الألفة ) الإلكترونية Nonmetal Metal الفلزية والتوصيل الكهربي Ionic Bond

  23. Is Na Reacts with Ca ? Why? First Ionization Potential Electron affinity Atomic Radii الخاصية الفلزية Electronegativity S.D.22: Properties of Periodic Table

  24. Hybridization Formal Charges Electronic configuration Properties of compounds Electronic & Molecular geometry Lewis Formulas ELECTRONS S.D.21: Relationship between Structure Formula and Chemical Reactions

  25. Cl Be Cl 105 0 N H H Sp, 180 H Sp2 Sp3 107 0 109.45o Sp3 Sp3, 109.45o VSEPR Theory

  26. Molecular Wight (Mass Spectroscopy) Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis % of each elements Kinds of Elements Simple Formula Molecular Formula

  27. Electron affinity Metals Nonmetals Properties of Elements Electronegativity First Ionization Energy Atomic Radii Electrochemistry Electronic Configuration = No. of Protons = No. of e’s = No. of P’s + No. Of N’s Reaction Stoichiometry At. No. At. Wt. Chemical Reactions Mole Molarty Mol. Wt. Mol. Formula

  28. H2SO4 (10) (Na2SO4) H2SO4 (NaNO3) (NaCl) (9) H2SO4 HNO3 HCl Cl2 (8) (2) (3) (1) H2SO4 (7) (NaOH) (Na) H2O H2SO4 (5) CO2 NH3, CO2 إمرار سولفاى (4) حرارة (6) (NaCO3) (NaHCO3) Why the Carbonate ion second equivalents?

  29. O2 Heat Cl2 Ca Na+ (HO)- Ca++ (HO)2- احتراق O2 Cl2 H2O Mg Heat Na - OH Na - Cl Ca O HO – Ca - OH Cl – Ca - Cl Ca (OH)2 H2O Ca Cl2 Mg O Ca (OH)2 MgCl2

  30. Ca O  مـاء Heat  (2) احتراق (1) HCl Cl2 Ca H2O Ca(OH)2 Ca Cl2  (CO2)  (4) (3) (5) HCl  CaCO3 Why Na give Na+ ? Why Ca give Ca2+?

  31. O CH3 – C – CH – CH2 – F NH3 Cl Describe the Quantum No’s. of the last electron in the chlorine? carbon Write the electronic cofiguration of O . Hydrogen Nitrogen Explan the periodic properties of the elements in this compound? Chemical bonds Hybridization Stiochiometry Mention to the acid and base centers ? Oxygen Halogen Molecular Geometry Why the H & X connected by one sigel bond but the O conneted by two sigel bonds or bouble bonds and Carbon by four bonds and N by three bonds????

  32. Base center O C d- Acid center Acid center d+ Base center R R OH COH R R Nucleophic substitution reaction on the carbonyl carbon Why acid have +Ve charge? +H -OH What is the hybrid of the center Carbon? What is the names of the bonds in the reactant and product? What is the geometry of the reactant and products ?

  33. CH3 CH2 Br aq. KOH HBr HBr CH3 CH2 OH Conc. H2SO4 / 160C CH2 = CH2 i) H2SO4 ii) H2O

  34. remember مدخلات التحصيل application understanding

  35. الإختبارات مدي مستوي ذكاء الطالب تقييم ثقافة الطالب تقييم شخصية الطالب تقييم إنتماء الطالب تقييم أمانة الطالب منظومة معاير تقييم الطالب

  36. هل يوجد تفاعل حيوي بين المعلم والمتعلم ؟ كيف يمكن تقييم معيار هذه العلاقة ؟ تدريب المعلم اساليب التدريس الحديثة لعلم الكيمياء من منظور صناعي وتجاري.... هل يقرب الفجوة بين المعلم والمتعلم ؟ هل يمكن ربط الكيمياء بالاقتصاد مدخل منظومي لتزويد المجتمع بطاقة بشرية تفيد التنمية الوطنية منها ؟ كيفية بناء منظومة بين تقييم التحصيل العلمي والإتجاه الفكري لدا المحصل للعلم ؟ هل تقييم الطالب بمعيار الإختبارات النظرية فقط تكفي لبناء طاقة بشرية متخصصة ترفع من مستوي إقتصاد الدولة ؟ منظومة معاير تقييم الطالب

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