CHAPTER 13 SECTION ONE MINERS & RANCHERS

1. CHAPTER 13 SECTION ONE MINERS & RANCHERS

2. the MINERS

3. Mining Centers Virginia CityComstock Lode

4. Prospecting

5. Placer mining

7. Quartz mining

10. Long Drives to Railheads • Cattle shipped to slaughter houses. • Rise of the beef and meatpacking industry. • Development of the “Cowboy Culture”

15. the cowboys

16. The Bronc BusterFrederick Remington

18. Black CowboysExodusters 100,000 Exodusters leave the South and get involved with the ranching industry in Texas and Oklahoma.

19. Barbed Wire Joseph Glidden

20. LIFE ON THE GREAT PLAINS • Barbed wire fence was a lifesaver because of the lack of wood in the dry plains of America. • Barbed wire also solved the problems between farmers and ranchers.

21. CHAPTER 13 SECTION TWO FARMING THE PLAINS

23. HOMESTEAD ACT • Homestead Act was a law developed in 1862 by Congress to promote settlement of the Great Plains. • Age 21 and the head of the family could have 160 acres of land if they improved it in five years • Could buy it for a small amount of $$$ • $10.00 application fee • The US Government encouraged westward expansion and the Homestead Act allowed thousands of settlers to move west and start new lives.

25. LIFE ON THE GREAT PLAINS • Settlers adapted to the difficult lifestyle of living on the Great Plains. • Newer advancements in agricultural technology helped settle the Plains.

27. A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD

29. LIFE ON THE GREAT PLAINS • Dry farmingAllows cultivation of arid (dry) land by using drought-resistant crops and various techniques to minimize evaporation. • John Griffin, a three-year homesteader says, "Yalls idea of dry farming has led me and me family through these three years that we been homesteading."

30. Allowed farmers to cut through dense, root-choked sod. Steel Plow

31. Reduced labor force needed for harvest. Allows farmers to maintain larger farms. Mechanized Reaper

33. Powers irrigation systems and pumps up ground water. Steel Windmill

34. CHAPTER 13 SECTION THREE NATIVE AMERICANS

35. Tribes of the Great Plains • Sioux • Cheyenne • Crow • Arapaho • Kiowa

37. clash INDIAN CONFLICTS • Differences in land ownership • Railroad • Settlers trespassing on Indian Land • Discovery of gold • Slaughter of the buffalo • Broken treaties

38. U.S. INDIAN POLICY • Negotiate treaties to sell land to US • Americanization or assimilation • Adopt Christianity • White education • Individual land ownership • Adopt agriculture • Take away food source to force to Reservations = tracks of land

39. Map 13 of 45

40. 1871 to 1875, the US supported the extermination of 11 million buffalo.

41. Skull US INDIAN POLICY • Take away the food source from the Native American and they will be forced to submit and go to the reservations.

42. Discovery of gold was often on Indian land. • Some of the key battles fought were around the mining areas.

43. Gold! There goes the neighborhood! • Gold discovered in the Black Hills. • Govt. tries to purchase the land, but the Sioux refuse. • Gold fever and miners refuse to respect Sioux land….. • Conflict erupts!

44. Battle of the Little Bighorn • The Sioux responded to government relocation by joining other tribes near the Little Bighorn River. • Led by Sitting Bull, they slaughtered General Armstrong Custer’s smaller U.S. force. • Sand Creek Massacre • 1864: The Army persuaded a group of Cheyenne to stop raiding farms and return to their Colorado reservation. • Then army troops attacked, killing about 150 people, and burned the camp. • Congress condemned the actions but did not punish the commander. • Wounded Knee Massacre • Army troops captured Sitting Bull’s followers and took them to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek. • Fighting began, and the soldiers slaughtered 300 Native American men, women, and children. • The massacre shocked Americans and broke Native American resistance. Events of the Indian Wars

45. Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse • Sitting Bull (Sioux) and Crazy Horse (Cheyenne) were two chiefs who refused to sign the treaty. • They defiantly left the reservation. • "One does not sell the earth upon which the people walk" Crazy Horse

46. Little Big Horn River, Montana - 1876 • George Armstrong Custer was sent to force the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho back to their reservations. • He was in command of the 7th Calvary. • June 26, 1876

47. The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 • He was heavily outnumbered and trapped. • Custer & all 220 of his men died. • “Custer’s Last Stand” outraged Americans and led to govt. retribution. • The Sioux and Cheyenne were crushed within a year.

48. Little Bighorn

49. Little Bighorn

50. Little Bighorn