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Jaringan Komputer Model Referensi Jaringan 1

Understanding the OSI and TCP/IP models, their layers, protocols, and standards in computer networking. Learn about data transmission, addressing, and communication principles.

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Jaringan Komputer Model Referensi Jaringan 1

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  1. JaringanKomputerModel ReferensiJaringan 1 Pertemuan ke-2 Imam Suharjo http://imam.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id

  2. Pengantar • KondisiBerbagaiTeknologidenganberbagaimacamjenis hardware, merek dan software yang beragam. • Cobabayangkan, Bagaimanajikamerekasalingterhubungtanpaadaaturan yang jelas? • Ibaratnyajikamanusiadibumiiniadaberbagainegara, punyabahsamasing-masing. Bagaimanasupayaantarbahasa yang berbedatadibisaberkomunikasisecaralancar?

  3. StadandarInternasional - ISO • ISO (International Organization for Standarrization) membuatstandarterkaitdenganJaringanKomputer. • ISO padaakhirnyamembuatstandar OSI (Open System Interconnection) untukmenjebanatiperbedaan hardware, pengembang dan software supayaseragam dan bisasalingberkomunikasisecarabaik (kompatibel). • OSI terdiridarilapisan-lapisanuntukmembagikompleksitas data.

  4. Model Referensi OSI • Model Referensi OSI terdiridari 7 layer (lapisan) • Berikutgambarand ari Lapisan yang ada dan hubunganKomunikasi Peer to Peer.

  5. Model TCP/IP • Protokol TCP/IP dikembangkanpadaakhirdekade 1970-an hinggaawal 1980-an sebagaisebuahprotokolstandaruntukmenghubungkankomputer-komputer dan jaringanuntukmembentuksebuahjaringan yang luas (WAN). • TCP/IP merupakansebuahstandarjaringanterbuka yang bersifatindependenterhadapmekanisme transport jaringanfisik yang digunakan, sehinggadapatdigunakandimanasaja.

  6. Model Referensi TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) bertugasmenerimapesanelektronikdenganpanjang 64 kb. • Protokolmenggunakanskemapengalamatan yang disebutsebagaialamat IP (IP Address) yang mengizinkankomputeruntukdapatsalingberhubungandi Internet. • Protokolinijugabersifat routable yang berartiprotokolinicocokuntukmenghubungkansistem-sistemberbeda (seperti Microsoft Windows dan keluarga UNIX) untukmembentukjaringan yang heterogen. • Protokol TCP/IP menjadistandardalamkomuniaksi Internet (komunikasiberbasis IP).

  7. Model Referensi TCP/IP • Adaperbedaanantara OSI dan TCP /IP

  8. Tugasuntuk NIM Ganjil: • Jelaskanprinsip-prinsipapasaja yang digunakanbagiketujuh layer OSI? • DalamlapisanFisik, salahsatunyabisamenggunakankabel UTP Cat-5 atau Cat-6, perbedaannyaapa? • Dalam model TCP/IP pada proses pengirimanjikaterjadikerusakan/gagal, apa yang akandilakukan? NIM Genap: • Jelaskanprinsip-prinsipapasaja yang digunakanbagiketujuh layer OSI? • DalamlapisanFisik, salahsatunyabisamenggunakankabel Type STP atau UTP perbedaannyaapa? • Apaperbedaanumumantara TCP dan UDP?

  9. Referensi • JarianganKomputer, AnjikSukmaaji & Riyanto • http://www.skullbox.net/tcpudp.php • TCP/ IP, http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol/Internet_Protocol

  10. OSI Reference Model An overview

  11. Standards and the internet • International Organization for Standardization • ISO http://www.iso.org • 70’s IBM, DEC, Honeywell, Burroughs were all developing proprietary architecture and layered communication models • 1977-1984 ISO released the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI) • Provides modularity to systems developers

  12. The Seven Layers • Application • Presentation • Session • Transport • Network • Data Link • Physical

  13. Application Layer • The topmost layer provides the interface that a person uses to interact with the application. • Examples are: telnet, FTP, Web Browsers, Email • Many more apps are now network aware; ex. are Microsoft Word

  14. Presentation Layer • The presentation layer is responsible for defining how information is presented to the user in the interface (application layer) that they are using. Examples of presentation layer protocols and standards include ASCII, BMP, GIF, JPEG, WAV, AVI, and MPEG.

  15. Session Layer • The session layer is responsible for establishing, maintaining, synchronizing and terminating network connections. • Ex. File transfer – session layer establishes connection, reestablishes if lost, terminates when finished • Examples include RPC’s (remote procedure calls) and NFS (Network File System)

  16. Transport Layer • The fourth layer, the transport layer, provides both guaranteed data delivery and no guarantee of data delivery. • Examples include the Internet Protocol’s (IP) TCP (transport control protocol) and UDP (user datagram protocol) protocols. • Connection oriented/reliable (TCP) or connectionless (UDP) data transmissions • Sequencing of data packets so they can be reassembled at destination • Identification of service addresses (ports) at the destination devices

  17. Network Layer • Adds network and node addressing information to the data frames • Packet creation and packet sequence control • Support services to the transport layerand data preparation to the data link layer • Route discovery and determination of best route between networks • The network layer provides a logical topology and layer-3 addresses. • Routers function at the network layer • Layer 3 protocols include TCP/IP, IPX (Novell), and AppleTalk (Apple)

  18. Data Link Layer • Organizes data bits into frames • The data link layer defines hardware (physical or MAC) addresses as well as the communication process that occurs within a media type. • Error correction and retransmission • Switches and bridges function at the data link layer. • Examples of data link layer protocols include IEEE’s 802.2, 802.3, Ethernet II, HDLC, PPP, and Frame Relay.

  19. Physical Layer • Cables and bits • Type of signaling such as analog or digital • Electrical or optical characteristics of signal • Asynchronous, synchronous, simplex, full or half duplex • Data rate such as 10, 100, or gigabit • Topology such as star, bus, ring • The first or bottommost layer is responsible for the physical mechanics of a network connection including wires (UTP, coax, thicknet, thinnet, fiber) and connectors (RJ-45 and DB-9) and transmission of bits • Single or multiple channels over a medium • Hubs and repeaters are examples if devices that function at the physical layer.

  20. TCP/IP Model

  21. Data Encapsulation in a layered architecture User data A User data A User data P A User data P A User data S P A User data S P A User data T S P A User data T S P A User data N T S P A User data N T S P A User data D N T S P A User data D N T S P A User data

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