Food Security and Institutions in Protracted Crises: Enhancing Food Systems Resilience

1. Food Security and Institutions in Protracted Crises: Enhancing Food Systems Resilience Challenges for GECAFS Research Arising from Case Studies in DRC, Somalia and Sudan Günter Hemrich, Food Systems EconomistAgricultural and Development Economics Division (ESA)FAO, Rome, Italy

2. Presentation Outline • Food Security Challenges in Protracted Crises • Overview of FAO Case Study Series • Relevance for GECAFS Research

3. Presentation Outline • Food Security Challenges in Protracted Crises • Overview of FAO Case Study Series • Relevance for GECAFS Research

4. Food Emergencies 1986-2005 Source: FAO

5. Causes of Food Emergencies in 2005

6. Location and Protraction of Food Emergencies

7. 1 Resilience of Food Systems 0.9 Shock 0.8 Shock 0.7 Shock 0.6 services 0.5 Shock Efficiency of Food System 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Time Societies in Protracted Crises: Irretrievable Loss in Resilience?

8. Food System Resilience: Prerequisite for Food Security Societal Resilience Food System Resources Consumption • Food Security • Dimensions: • Availability • Access • Stability • Utilization Resources Production Markets Ecology Processing Distribution Knowledge Policies Institutions

9. Re-building food system resilience: the twin-track approach

10. Food Security Information for Action Action FS Prgrms Twin Track Operational Framework FS Benchmarks FS Policy/Strategy Framework Twin Track Conceptual Framework Information FS Analysis/Action Platform Information Tools

11. Challenges of the Twin-track • Defining and understanding the operational implications • Defining prioritisation mechanisms • Capturing the institutional context

12. Presentation Outline • Food Security Challenges in Protracted Crises • Overview of FAO Case Study Series • Relevance for GECAFS Research

14. Draft Studies DRC • Households Land Use Strategies in a Protracted Crisis Context: Land Tenure, Conflict and Food Security in Eastern DRC (Koen Vlassenroot, University of Ghent) • Food Security and Interventions in Beni-Lubero: Back to the Future? (Timothy Raeymaekers, University of Ghent) Somalia • Trade, Livelihoods and Food Security in a Protracted Political Emergency: The Case of Jubba Region, Southern Somalia (Peter Little, University of Kentucky) • Livestock, Markets and Food Security in Southern and Central Somalia (Andy Catley, Tufts University) Sudan • Changes and Potential Resilience of Food Systems in the Nuba Mountains Conflict (Sara Pantuliano, ODI) • Policies, Practice and Participation in Complex Emergencies: The Case of Livestock Interventions in South Sudan (Andy Catley, Tufts University)

15. Case Study Framework

16. Emerging findings • Failing institutions and conflicts over resources are the driving factors of the crisis and of food insecurity; • Local stakeholder responses often have a long term perspective and have adapted to the crises. Are these adaptations sustainable? • Repeated short term responses have saved lives but have impacted negatively on long-term food security; • Long term responses may be possible also under emergency contexts, but have often been treating the symptoms rather the causes of the crises.

17. Presentation Outline • Food Security Challenges in Protracted Crises • Overview of FAO Case Study Series • Relevance for GECAFS Research

18. GECAFS Conceptual Framework Source: GECAFS (2005): Science Plan, p. 10 Conditions & Scenarios Vulnerability & Impacts Feedbacks Decision Support Current Food System Adapted Food Systems Adaptation

20. Conclusions • Need to better understand the factors contributing to the resilience of agricultural and food systems in protracted crisis situations; • Establish policy and planning frameworks for effective responses; • Devising adapted decision support mechanisms is critical for making research actionable

21. Thank you • Please visit www.fao.org/es/esa • and www.informationforaction.org