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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. The Crust. Outermost layer 5 – 70 km thick Solid, rigid. The Mantle. Layer of Earth between the crust and the core Made up of 3 parts. The Core. Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth Outer core = liquid Inner core = solid. Plate Tectonics.

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics

  2. The Crust • Outermost layer • 5 – 70 km thick • Solid, rigid

  3. The Mantle • Layer of Earth between the crust and the core • Made up of 3 parts

  4. The Core • Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth • Outer core = liquid • Inner core = solid

  5. Plate Tectonics • Pieces of the lithosphere that move around • Each plate has a name • Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes in a bowl of water

  6. Lithosphere • Uppermost part of the mantle, along the overlying crust • Break into pieces called plates • Overlies a weaker region of the mantle known as the asthenosphere • Temperature/pressure in the uppermost asthenosphere, creates a weak zone that allows the lithosphere to be detached=movement

  7. How Plates Move http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html

  8. Sea Floor Spreading • Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins • Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms • Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge

  9. Sea Floor Spreading

  10. Plate Boundaries • Interactions among individual plates, creating deformation, occur along their boundaries • Plates are bounded by three distinct types of boundaries • These boundaries are determined by the type of movement they exhibit

  11. Divergent Boundaries • Constructive margins • Two plates move apart, resulting in an upwelling of material from the mantle to create new sea floor • Seafloor spreading, creates new sea floor, magma rises when spreading • Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge

  12. Divergent Boundary

  13. Arabian Plate Red Sea African Plate

  14. Convergent Boundaries • Destructive margins • Two plates move together, resulting in oceanic lithosphere descending (trench) beneath an overriding plate (subduction zones) • eventually to be recycled into the mantle or create mountain system • Oceanic-Continental, continental volcanic arc • Oceanic-Oceanic, volcanic island arc • Continental-Continental, collision mountains

  15. Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Continental http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

  16. Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Oceanic Note – plates are reversed http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

  17. Convergent Boundaries - Continental http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

  18. EurasianPlate Indian Plate

  19. Transform Fault Boundaries • Conservative margins • Two plates grind past one another without production or destruction of lithosphere San Andreas Fault

  20. Transform Fault Boundaries

  21. Review • Name the 3 main layers of the Earth • What is a tectonic plate? • What was Pangaea? • What is Sea-Floor spreading? • Name the three different types of plate boundaries and how they move. • What is found at each type of plate boundary?

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