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Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks. Sire Kassama 2014. Intro to Info. Metamorphic Rocks: Rocks created through intense heat or pressure Are good examples of metamorphic rock: gneiss, schist, slate, marble Alps and Himalayas are primarily composed of metamorphic rocks

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Metamorphic Rocks

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  1. Metamorphic Rocks Sire Kassama 2014

  2. Intro to Info • Metamorphic Rocks: Rocks created through intense heat or pressure • Are good examples of metamorphic rock: gneiss, schist, slate, marble • Alps and Himalayas are primarily composed of metamorphic rocks • Foliated metamorphic rocks are rocks that have bands of minerals in it

  3. Metamorphism • Describe the only location that provides the intense and extreme heat and pressure re-quired to form metamorphic rocks. Deep within the earth; lithosphere; or subduction zone

  4. Contact vs. Regional Metamorphism • Local or Contact Metamorphism: rocks touched by red hot magma in crust; whenever magma rises to crust • Regional Metamorphism: deep in crust from enormous pressure over a large area; two tectonic plates move toward each other; Lewissian gneiss is a good example

  5. VS. Contact Regional • occurs adjacent to igneous intrusions Both • Contact may result from tectonic forces resulting in compressional stresses • usually results in foliated metamorphic rocks • mineral crystals are rearranged • results in folds or curves • large crystals are formed • minerals crystallize

  6. Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

  7. Need To Know on Rocks • ROCK NAME • TYPE ( Igneous, Sedimentary, metamorphic) • FORMATION • Igneous (Extrusive, Intrusive) (volcanic, plutonic) (felsic or mafic) • Sedimentary ( Clastic, chemical, biochemical, organic) • Metamorphic (Regional, Contact Metamorphism) (low grade-high grade) • ENVIRONMENT • TEXTURE • Igneous (phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic) • Sedimentary (grain size) • Metamorphic Foliated or non-foliated • HARDNESS RANGE • MINERALS • PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION • (Color) • USES • OTHER PROPERTIES

  8. Base your answers to this question on the pictures of four rocks shown below. Magnified views of the rocks are shown in the circles. What do all four rock samples have in common? 1.They show cleavage. 2. They contain minerals. 3. They are organically formed. 4. They formed on Earth’s surface.

  9. Base your answers to this question on the pictures of four rocks shown below. Magnified views of the rocks are shown in the circles. Which rock is metamorphic and shows evidence of foliation?

  10. Which sample best shows the physical properties normally associated with regional metamorphism?

  11. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks

  12. Marble • Reacts with HCl and therefore contains the mineral calcite • Formed by metamorphism of limestone • Minerals: Calcite • Has no foliation • Red, white, yellow, green • Found in US, Italy, Canada, Spain, Greece • Used in sculptures, Lincoln memorial

  13. Slate • Fine grained rock formed when shale, mudstone, clay, or volcanic ash is put under high pressure • Splits into thin sheets easily • Almost completely waterproof • Used for roof and floor tile, monuments, and name plates • Minerals: mica, feldspar, and quartz

  14. Schist • Medium grained • Made from shale, clay, slate, and many other rocks • Put under very high temperatures and pressures • Minerals: feldspar, mica, quartz • Good for building materials • Also crushed into gravel to use for pavements

  15. Gneiss • Formed at very high temperatures and pressure from different igneous and sedimentary rocks • Coarse grained and has bands of minerals that are often bent and folded • Formerly granite before exposed to immense pressure • Used to replace granite • Common metamorphic rock • Found in Sweden

  16. Quartzite • Formed when sandstone is heated • Formed when tectonic plates grind together • Some of the oldestest rocks made of quartzite

  17. Other Resources • The following questions and answers are from the New York State Regents Website: http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/core/questions/topics.cfm?Course=ESCI • Geology.com

  18. Contact metamorphism: alteration of rock by heat adjacent to hot lava; important setting fir metallic ores such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, etc • Regional metamorphism: alteration of rock over large area by het and pressure due to deep burial or tectonic process • Metamorphic Rocks are either foliated or nonfoliated • Foliated: laminated structure in rock resulting from parallel alignment of sheet like minerals ( slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss) • Nonfoliated: no preferred orientation (marble , quartzite)

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