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Components of a CCTV System

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Components of a CCTV System

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  1. Privacy Forum: Think Big? Privacy in the Age of Big DataWellington, New Zealand, 2 May 2012Smart CCTV and the Evolution of Public Space CCTV SystemsDr C. William R. WebsterStirling Management School, University of Stirlingc.w.r.webster@stir.ac.ukChair, Living in Surveillance Societies (LiSS) COST Action LiSS Website: http://www.liss-cost.eu/

  2. Components of a CCTV System • Camera (lens), fixed or mobile, analogue or digital • Telecoms infrastructure • Visual display equipment, including camera controls • Recording and storage equipment • Control centre or storage facility • Street furniture, including signage • Operators, including operational training, skills and surveillance practices (monitoring norms) • Operational guides, including Codes of Practice • Regulation, including legislation • Management processes, finance and performance indicators • Accountability and oversight arrangements • Links to criminal justice system

  3. So, What Makes a Smart CCTV System? A CCTV system that is: • More effective (at what?) • More powerful? • More sophisticated? • More technologically advanced? • Multi-functional or multi-purpose? • More intelligent? • Easier to use? • Less invasive? • Cheaper?

  4. A Typology of Public Space CCTV

  5. Smart Developments in CCTV • Integration and standardisation of existing systems & practices • Centralised control centres • Expansion and new technological components • Drones, head cams, mobile cameras • Other sensors: infra-red, microwave, heat, sniffing and listening devices • Image recognition and analysis (Smart CCTV) • Iris, face, movement, activity recognition • Object tracking and analysis • ANPR systems • Noise analysis • Sophisticated integrated surveillance systems • Virtual tracking via mobile phones and CCTV • CCTV and profiling • ‘Self’-surveillance • Social media and mobile phones (cameras) • Smart safeguards • Masking of private space • Automated alerts for operators

  6. The Rise of Smart CCTV - integration - digitisation - automation - - expansion - standardisation - computerisation - • No agreed definition of ‘Smart CCTV’ • ‘A visual surveillance system that is integrated with other ICTs and is capable of automatically processing images alongside other digital information for predefined purposes’ • Image analysis • New sensory devices • New data integration capabilities • Perceived to be ‘more intelligent’ • Allows for mass ‘real’ CCTV surveillance, smaller human intervention (expensive), quicker decisions

  7. Issues and Implications • Are citizens – the surveyed – aware of what CCTV cameras and systems do? • Is there a need for greater public awareness – is this linked to the acceptability of systems? Would attitudes change if there was greater awareness of the ‘smartness’ of systems? • To what extent are smart CCTV systems a greater infringement of privacy than normal systems? • How smart is smart - how reliable are smart systems? • Is there robust evidence that smart CCTV is more effective? • Is smart CCTV a good example of ‘function creep’? • Does regulation need to evolve as the technology becomes smarter? • How many systems are evolving into Smart CCTV systems? • How do providers identify the best/most appropriate Smart CCTV systems? • What are the driving forces for introducing smart CCTV?

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