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DNA REPLICATION

DNA REPLICATION. DNA Replication – process in which a DNA strand is copied DNA polymerase is an enzyme that unzips the double stranded DNA. Free nucleotides come in and pair with bases. Two new double strands of DNA are made. DNA replication. DNA polymerase. DNA replication.

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DNA REPLICATION

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  1. DNA REPLICATION DNA Replication – process in which a DNA strand is copied • DNA polymerase is an enzyme that unzips the double stranded DNA. • Free nucleotides come in and pair with bases. • Two new double strands of DNA are made.

  2. DNA replication DNA polymerase

  3. DNA replication • Original DNA strands • Left strand copies going down, right strand copies going up

  4. DNA replication • Newly assembled DNA strands

  5. DNA replication • Let’s build our own DNA model and simulate DNA replication

  6. RNA – Ribonucleic Acid • Chemically, RNA is very similar to DNA. There are 3 main differences: • RNA uses the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose • RNA tends to be single-stranded (DNA-double) • RNA uses the base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) Example: A-U (NOT A-T) Question: Is Uracil a single or double ring and why?

  7. Transcription • Transcription – DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries a code for a specific protein from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in cytoplasm. • CODON – a group of 3 bases on the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acids.

  8. Transcription Cont’d 1. 4 Bases – A, G, U, C (no T) and 64 triplet codons (43) 2. The order of the codons on the strand of mRNA codes the order in which amino acids will be put together to create a protein. 3. Initiation (start) codon – AUG (methionine) Termination (end) codon – UAA, UAG, UGA

  9. Transfer RNA (tRNA) • tRNA combines with amino acids in the cytoplasm and carries them (the amino acid) to the mRNA on the ribosomes. • Anticodon – 3 nucleotide bases on the tRNA • Codes for a specific amino acid • Complements the codon. • Translation – amino acids are assembled according to the instructions on mRNA. It occurs at the ribosomes.

  10. Ribosomal RNA - rRNA • Molecules are incorporated in ribosomes. • Ribosomes are chemical workbenches where amino acids are linked to one another to synthesize proteins.

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