Toom Tabard

1. Toom Tabard We will be exploring the: Defeat and capture of King John Balliol. Reasons why he failed as King.

2. Capture of John Balliol 1296 Whilst Edward was invading Scotland King John had fled to Aberdeen At Perth Edward received letters of submission from King John Banff Elgin Aberdeen Montrose Perth 8 July Balliol surrendered in person at Montrose Stirling Edinburgh Dunbar Berwick

3. ToomTabard: Empty Coat Edward held a ceremony in which he: • Renounced the treaty made with France • Ripped Balliol’s royal crest from his jacket and threw it on the floor • Toom Tabard – Empty Coat • Removed Balliol’s crown • Broke Balliol’s seal of office Balliol was imprisoned in the Tower of London

4. What eventually became of Balliol… • After a request from the Pope he was sent to France in 1299 • 1301 he was released to live on his land in France • Many Scots hoped he would return to Scotland • However, he died in France in 1313

5. ACTIVITY 1 You will be completing a map of Scotland which detailsthe defeat and capture of King John Balliol. You must: • Ensure you take note of all points • Use your own words!

6. Describe the defeat & capture of John Balliol. Edward strips Balliol of his title and crown. Balliol made an alliance with France – against Edward. Balliol surrenders to Edward Edward pursued Balliol to the north of Scotland. Edward defeated Balliol’s army at Dunbar. Balliol renounced his homage to Edward. Edward destroyed Berwick; shock to Scots. Many Scottish nobles did not support Balliol e.g. Bruce. Balliol’s men attack the north of England.

7. ACTIVITY 2 You will be completing a ‘Snakes & Ladders’ board which will act as a revision diagram for the following key questions: • Explain the reasons why Balliol was chosen as King? • Explain the reasons why Balliol failed as King? You will be completing the first question independently; try to use your own knowledge (without looking in your jotter) as much as possible! For the second, work with a partner to decipher the puzzle. First pair finished – correctly – wins a prize 

8. Explain the reasons why Balliol failed as King… • John Balliol had accepted Edward I as his overlord. • John Balliol had been bullied by King Edward e.g. orders, legal decisions overturned. • John Balliol refused King Edward’s order to join him in a war against France • John Balliol withdrew his homage to King Edward • John Balliol had made an alliance with the King of France against Edward i.e. treason • King Edward defeated John Balliol at Dunbar • King Edward forced John Balliol to surrender to him • King Edward had stripped John Balliol of his crown and title • Not all the Scots supported Balliol in his campaign against King Edward. E.g. Bruce Plockton High School

9. Explain the reasons why Edward I chose Balliol to become King of Scots? • Balliol agreed to pay homage to King Edward • Balliol agreed that Edward was Overlord of Scotland • Balliol was descended from the eldest daughter of Earl of Huntingdon • Balliol was nearest heir of Margaret, Maid of Norway • Several Scots nobles felt they should be King; there was fear of civil war. Plockton High School

10. Source C is an extract from a textbook published in 2003. John Balliol’s final humiliation happened when King Edward publicly stripped him of his title. Consequently, John Balliol is often described as “toom tabard”. In fact, he did not get this nickname until after his final defeat. The Bruces, who never supported him, encouraged the idea that Balliol had never been fit to be a king. Even before his final defeat, the Scottish nobles had appointed twelve men to force Balliol to stand up to King Edward. They realised that by himself Balliol was unable to stop Edward interfering in the government of Scotland. Assess the usefulness of Source C as evidence of why Balliol failed as King of Scots. (5)