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Perception

Perception. The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Perception. The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses

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Perception

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  1. Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

  2. Perception • The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses • Perception is the way we interpret sensations and therefore make sense of everything around us • Example:

  3. Top Down Processing • Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations • Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps • Examples:

  4. Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt - focused on how we GROUP objects together as an organized whole. • Example:

  5. Figure Ground Relationship Figure –ground - Our first perceptual decision is what in the image is the figure and what is the background. Example:

  6. Grouping • Grouping – tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups and not isolated elements. • Examples closure

  7. Depth Cues • Depth Perception – allows us to judge distance because we see thing in three dimension even though images strike retina in two dimensions • Visual Cliff Experiment- Eleanor Gibson • If you are old enough to crawl, you are old enough to see depth perception. • See depth by using two cues • Examples

  8. Binocular Cues • Binocular cues – depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes. • Examples:

  9. Monocular Cues • Monocular cues – depth cues available to either eye alone • Examples:

  10. Interposition

  11. Relative Size

  12. Relative Height Horizontal vertical illusion

  13. Linear Perspective

  14. Relative Motion

  15. Light and Shadow

  16. Texture Gradient

  17. Perceived Motion • Stroboscopic effect – continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images • Example: • Phi phenomenon – an allusion created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession • Example:

  18. Constancy • Perpetual constancy – perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change • Objects change in our eyes constantly as we or they move….but we are able to maintain content perception • Examples

  19. Perceptual Constancy • Shape constancy –

  20. Perceptual Constancy • Shape Constancy illusion– some times we perceive the shape of something to change with the angle of our view

  21. Perceptual Constancy • Size constancy –

  22. Perceptual Constancy • Size constancy illusion– sometimes perceive objects as having a changing size because of the interplay between perceived size and distance • Moon illusion • Ponzo illusion

  23. Ames Room

  24. Lightness Constancy • Lightness constancy aka Brightness constancy – perceiving an object as having constant lightness even while its illumination varies. • Depends on… • Relative luminance – the amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings

  25. Color Constancy • Color constancy – perceiving familiar objects as having constant color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object • Depends on what we’re comparing it to… • Surrounding context – color comes not only from the wavelength information received by cones, but also from the surrounding context • Surrounding objects – light is reflected not only from the object, but other objects surrounding it. Example:

  26. Perceptual Interpretation

  27. Sensory Deprivation and Restored Vision • Experiments on sensory deprivation • Brains cortical cells don’t develop normal connections • Critical period

  28. Perceptual Adaptation Perceptual adaptation – the ability to adjust to artificially displaced or inverted visual field Example:

  29. Perceptual Set Perceptual set (aka mental predisposition) – mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another • Schemas – concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar info/ambiguous situations Examples:

  30. Context Effects • Context effects – perceptual set can be influenced by the context (expectations and emotions, and motivations) • Examples:

  31. Perception is a Biopsychosocial Phenomenon

  32. Is There Extrasensory Perception?

  33. Parapsychology

  34. Claims of ESP • Parapsychology – study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis • Extrasensory Perception – claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input Examples: • Psychokinesis (PK) – mind over matter (levitation)

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