Political Parties Chapter 17

1. Political PartiesChapter 17 Development of Political Parties

2. Development of Political Parties • Focus Question: • How does the two-party system influence American democracy? • Take a minute or two and discuss with another student…..

3. Functions of Political Parties – Lesson 1 • Political party? • a group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy "Power brokers” • Not mentioned in the constitution

4. Nominating Candidates • Parties perform many major functions • 1.)Electing Candidates • 2.)Educating the public • 3.)Involving people in the Political Process • 4.)Operating the Government • 5.)Dispensing patronage • 6.) Developing and Implementing Policy • 7.)Government Watchdog • 8.)Providing Stability

5. Focus Question “What could be the advantages and/or disadvantages of a one-party versus a two/multi-party system?”

6. Party Systems • Party Systems • One-Party Systems • authoritarian governments • in these nations, the party is the government, and the party leaders run the government and set all policy • de facto one-party states • Other parties can participate but can never win • Russia – Putin – United Russia Party

7. Party Systems • Party Systems • Two-Party Systems and Multi-Party Systems • Approx. 12 nations • Not as common as you think • multi-party system far more common among political systems • France and Italy each have more than 15 political parties that exert influence on government, with 5 to 7 typically having a significant influence • more common in countries with parliamentary governments • Can result in a coalition • Different groups sharing power • Not usually effective???????

8. Evolution of American Parties George Washington warned of harmful effects of the spirit of the party Federalists/Anti-Federalists

9. Evolution of American Parties • Pre-Civil War Parties • Federalists • Strong central government • After John Adams became president in 1796, power declined quickly • Democratic-Republicans • States having more power • By 1828, conflicts over banking, tariffs, and slavery shattered party • Split into 2 parties • President Jackson – Democrats • National Republicans (Whigs) became other party

10. Evolution of American Parties • Post-Civil War Parties • Republicans – Northern states • Controlled all houses • Democrats – most southern states • Democrats held the presidency for only four terms between 1860 and 1932 • 1932 the Democratic Party won the White House and assumed control of Congress • Since 1968, these two parties have often split control of the presidency and Congress.

11. Focus Question • What role do third parties, or minor parties, play in the United States government? • Talk to a partner or two to come up with a possible answer or reasoning….

12. Minor or Third Parties Although they are motivated by a variety of reasons, third parties have one thing in common: They believe that neither major party is meeting certain needs. propose ways to remedy this situation.

13. Minor or Third Parties • Types of Third Parties • Single –Issue Parties • focus exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral issue • Ideological Party • has a particular set of ideas about how to change society overall rather than focusing on a single issue • Splinter Party • splits away from one of the major parties because of some disagreement • Look up two examples of each and describe what they represent

14. Minor or Third Parties • Impact of Third Parties • Ross Perot – 1992 – Reform Party • Won 19 percent of vote • Clinton still won the election….however, because of his stance on the federal budget deficit….Clinton was forced to address during his tenure

15. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Political Ideology • set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society • People on left of spectrum – Liberals • proper role of government is to actively promote health, education, and justice • government should not restrict most individual freedoms • People on right of spectrum – Conservatives • limiting the government’s role—that citizens can better solve their problems without government intervention • Traditional family values • People in the middle of spectrum – Moderates • liberal on certain issues and conservative on others.

16. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Party Platforms • Guiding Question……. • What are the major differences in viewpoints between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party?

17. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Republican Party  • GOP – Grand Ole Party • Color red – Symbol is the elephant • Democratic Party • Color blue and the symbol of a donkey.

18. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2

19. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2

20. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Minor Parties • Green Party, the Libertarian Party, and the Constitution Party are the most prominent third parties

21. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2

22. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2

23. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Party Identification • measures a voter’s sense of psychological attachment to a political party (a state of mind) • Voting is a behavior though • You might belong to one party and vote for another! • Example: • 2013 • 32% of voters – Democrat • 24% of voters – Republican • 38% - No party - Independent

24. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Party Identification Demographics • Republicans • More white, male, educated, and religious members than population at large • Overrepresented in south and mountain west • More rural supporters • Democrats • More women, minorities, and young members • Overrepresented in Northeastern part of country • More urban supporters

25. Party Ideology and Identification – lesson 2 • Becoming more polarized • Both republicans and democrats are sticking to their party ideals • Moderates(centrists) are disappearing • Many people left though to become independent due to hard right or left ideals….lack of flexibility on issues • Very apparent in D.C.

26. Party Organization and Membership– lesson 3 • Selecting Candidates for Office • Very selective • Must represent the party's ideals • Three different methods of nominating or choosing a candidate • Primaries • Caucuses • Combination of both

27. Stage 1: Caucuses • Closed meeting of party members in each state • Delegates select the party’s choice for presidential candidate • Currently used in only six states Barrack Obama campaigns in Iowa

28. Stage 1: Caucuses The Iowa Caucus is the first primary/caucus - Date for the Iowa Caucus is February 1, 2016 Considering Iowa is a relatively small state, why are the Iowa caucuses so important?? Hilary Clinton (D) and Rudy Guilliani (R) campaigning in Iowa

30. Stage 1: Primaries Presidential Primary Elections - special elections in which voters select candidates to be the party’s nominee for president in the general election. • Primary Season - January - June • Who Decides? - State party organizations for the most part decide the rules for the primaries in a particular state. • Types of Primaries: • Closed Primaries • Open Primaries Mitt Romney campaigning in New Hampshire

31. Closed Primary • Voters may vote in a party's primary only if they are registered members of that party

32. Open Primary • A registered voter may vote in any party primary regardless of his or her own party affiliation.

33. Methods of Selecting Presidential Delegates by State Which is most popular? Why??

34. Nationaljournal.com Iowa Caucus • First major electoral event in the election process. • Candidates campaign in Iowa months before the caucus • Ads, paid staffers, and publicity is centered around the many precincts in Iowa • The winner of the Iowa caucus has served as an indication of the person who will win their parties nomination

35. New Hampshire Primary nhhistory.org • First primary of election year • February 9, 2016 • Focused upon by candidates • Media attention • Early success in contests / must perform well to continue in race

36. Importance of Early Caucuses and Primaries These states are small but play a big role They do not decide who IS the nominee for each party They decide who ISN’T the nominee. They significantly narrow the field of candidates Iowa New Hampshire Nevada South Carolina

37. SUPER TUESDAY In 2008, states realized that the sooner they go, the more say they have in who gets nominated. Both the Democrat and Republican Parties the earliest date for which a state can have its primary. Many states had their primaries on this date

38. George W. and Laura Bush at the 2000 Republican Convention Nominating Conventions • An assembly held by political parties every four years • Usually held in late summer before the general election in November

39. Purposes of Nominating Conventions • At the convention the party adopts a platform to unify support behind common goals. • Delegates to the convention elect that party’s nominees for President and Vice-president. 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan

40. What is a Party Platform? • Platform - a statement of principles and objectives a political party and a candidate support • Plank - Individual topics in a party’s platform (ex: abortion, war in Iraq)

41. Proportional System Primary system used by the Democratic Party Candidates get a % of delegates based on the popular vote Winner-take-all System System used in most Republican primaries The winner of the popular vote in that state receives all that state’s delegates Similar to electoral college Delegate Selection

42. Democratic Party Rules:Two Types of Delegates Pledged Delegates v. Superdelegates

43. Pledged delegates are required to vote at the convention based on the popular vote in their state (they have to listen to the people) Pledged Delegates Pledged delegates count during the 2008 Democratic primaries