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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Mass Movements. 8.1. Mass movement – the down slope movement of soil and weathered rock. Factors : 1. weight 2. friction. 3. trigger mechanism 4. water. Types. 1. Creep – slow, steady, down hill flow (page 195).

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Mass Movements

  2. 8.1 • Mass movement – the down slope movement of soil and weathered rock. • Factors : • 1. weight • 2. friction

  3. 3. trigger mechanism • 4. water

  4. Types • 1. Creep – slow, steady, down hill flow (page 195). • 2. Flows – when earth materials flow as if they were thick liquids (mudflows, page 196).

  5. 3. Slides – rapid, down slope movement (Landslides, page 197-198). • A. slumps – landslide that moves along a curved surface. • B. avalanches – thick accumulations of snow.

  6. 4. rockfalls – loosened rocks fall off high cliffs (page 199). • How do mass movements affect people? • How can the risk be reduced?

  7. 8.2 • Wind erosion and transport • Deflation – the lowering of land surfaces that result from the wind’s removal of surface particles (202).

  8. Abrasion – when particles such as sand rub against the surface of rocks or other materials. • Ventifacts – rocks shaped by wind blown sediments (203).

  9. Wind Deposition • 1. Dunes (205) • A. Barchan • B. Transverse • C. Parabolic • D. Longitudinal

  10. Dune migration – sand dunes will move as long as the wind blows.

  11. Loess – thick wind blown silt deposits (206).

  12. 8.3 • Glaciers – large moving pieces of ice • Last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago, ice covered about 30% of the Earth.

  13. Types of Glaciers • 1. Valley glacier – form in valleys of mountains. • 2. Continental glacier – cover large, broad areas of the continent.

  14. Glacial movement (209) • Valley – moves through the valley between mountains. • Continental – moves outward in all directions.

  15. Glacial Erosion Features • Cirques – when a valley glacier scoops out large depressions • Arete – a steep ridge caused by two cirques on opposite sides of the mountain.

  16. Moraines – deposit of unsorted ridges of till (unsorted sediments). • Terminal • lateral

  17. Outwash plain – meltwater flows out at the end of a glacier and deposits sediments. • Drumlins – elongated landforms, steeper side faces the direction that the ice came from.

  18. Eskers – long winding ridges of layered sediments. • Kames – cone shaped deposits • Kettles – lakes formed by glaciers.

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