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Chapter Four

Chapter Four. Parents, Families, and Exceptionality. Timeline of the Changing Roles of Parents of Children with Disabilities. Changing Professional Perspectives Toward Families with a Child with a Disability. Table 4.1 (continued). A Family Systems Approach.

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Chapter Four

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  1. Chapter Four Parents, Families, and Exceptionality

  2. Timeline of the Changing Roles of Parents of Children with Disabilities

  3. Changing Professional Perspectives Toward Families with a Child with a Disability

  4. Table 4.1 (continued)

  5. A Family Systems Approach • Turnbull et al. (2006) described the family systems approach as having an underlying belief that a family is an interrelated social system with unique characteristics and needs. Their model contains four key elements: • Family characteristics • Family interaction • Family functions • Family life cycle

  6. A Family Systems Framework

  7. A Stage Model of Parental Reaction to Disability

  8. Disability and the Family Disability impacts relationships within the family including: • Marital • Parent/child • Siblings • Grandparents

  9. Working with Families Who are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse • Cultural sensitivity implies an awareness of, respect for, and appreciation of the many factors that influence and shape the values, priorities, and perspectives of both individuals and families (Hanson, 2004a).

  10. Recommendations for Providing Families with Culturally Sensitive Services • Use the family's desired language and preferred mode of communication • Recognize the importance of extended family members • Use culturally competent interpreters • Learn about culturally relevant variables • Participate in the local community • Learn a working knowledge of the language • Address family members using formal titles • Consider possible barriers to meetings such as child care or transportation issues • Welcome community members as cultural liaisons

  11. Cultural Reactions to Disability • Different cultures may view disability in different ways: • fate • spiritual reasons • violation of social taboos • intergenerational retribution

  12. Suggestions for Facilitating Family and Professional Partnerships • Active listening • Establish an atmosphere of genuine caring • Awareness of both verbal and nonverbal messages and their significance • Involve families in decision-making processes and keep them informed • Explain educational terminology • Acknowledge feelings • Be accountable

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