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Worms

http://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/worms-Wuermer/plathelminthes-Plattwurm/Pseudobiceros-gloriosus3.jpg. http://www.divegallery.com/c_worm3.jpg. Worms. http://neatorama.cachefly.net/images/2009-02/tapeworm-rhinebothrium.jpg.

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Worms

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  1. http://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/worms-Wuermer/plathelminthes-Plattwurm/Pseudobiceros-gloriosus3.jpghttp://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/worms-Wuermer/plathelminthes-Plattwurm/Pseudobiceros-gloriosus3.jpg http://www.divegallery.com/c_worm3.jpg Worms http://neatorama.cachefly.net/images/2009-02/tapeworm-rhinebothrium.jpg http://oldwebsites.ltschools.org/schools/lawrencenorth/deptclass/teachers/amandacrim/Website%20Pics/tapeworm%20WEB.jpg http://georgiafaces.caes.uga.edu/graphicsfiles/LandPlanarian33hr.jpg

  2. Phylum Platyhelminthes • “The Flatworms” (dorsoventrally flat) • Triploblastic! (Organ systems seen) • Mouth, but no anus • Most monoecious • More complex nervous system • 4 Main Classes: • Turbellaria • Monogenea • Trematoda • Cestoidea

  3. Class Turbellaria: Free living Flatworms • Mostly bottom dwellers in water (fresh & marine) • Named for the “turbulence” of their beating cilia • Movement by layers of muscle cells and rhabdites (cells that form mucus) • Feeding by pharynx (mouth); mostly carnivorous • Respiration by diffusion through the body wall • Simple kidneys = protonephridia (with flame cells) • Simple brain = cerebral ganglia • 2 simple eyes = ocelli • Other sensory body parts: auricles on sides of head

  4. Planaria

  5. Reproduction: • Asexual (by transverse fission- producing zooids) • Sexual (cross-fertilization- penis inserted; eggs laid- sometimes in a cocoon) http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/planaria-cocoonR.jpg penis http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078664276/281029/ccq_ch12_q4a.gif transverse fission http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flatworm_sex.png/200px-Flatworm_sex.png

  6. Marine Turbellaria… http://science.kukuchew.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/rimg0121flatwormcrop.jpg http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~bu6/pow.jpg http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Images/Lab-4a%20Images/Lab_4a-01a.jpg http://farm1.static.flickr.com/187/438039243_fccd05bd4f.jpg

  7. Class Monogenea • Mostly external parasites of freshwater and marine fishes (attach to gills) http://www.uen.org/utahlink/tours/admin/tour/18753/18753monogenea.gif http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0007/84148/mp_Hexostoma.gif http://www.digsfish.com/imgs/finfish/figure%204.jpg

  8. Class Trematoda: Parasitic Flatworms-“Flukes” • Almost all are parasites of vertebrates • All have various body parts for attachment • Subclass Aspidogastrea: mollusc fluke • Opisthaptor = holdfast organ on entire ventral surface • NO oral sucker • Subclass Digenea: majority of flukes • 2 large suckers: oral sucker and acetabulum (below oral sucker) • May have multiple hosts (including humans)

  9. Subclass Aspidogastrea (ventral view) http://parasitology.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/login/b/tn_me14236.png http://www.nutridirect.co.uk/images/fluke.jpg Subclass Digenea:

  10. Popular Trematode Parasites of Humans: • Chinese liver fluke • Sheep liver fluke • Blood flukes

  11. Chinese Liver Fluke: picked up by humans who eat infected raw fish http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5970e/y5970e04.jpg http://www.phsource.us/PH/HELM/Helminth_images/Clonorchis%20sinensis.jpg

  12. http://siera104.com/images/bio/flatroundrotifers/fluke.jpg http://images.wool.com/pub/liver_fluke_cycle.gif Sheep Liver Fluke: Picked up by humans who eat the freshwater plant watercress http://www.k-state.edu/parasitology/625tutorials/FIGfasciola08.jpg

  13. http://www.uen.org/utahlink/activities/uploads/7487_a_schistosoma_in_copula.gifhttp://www.uen.org/utahlink/activities/uploads/7487_a_schistosoma_in_copula.gif http://siera104.com/images/bio/flatroundrotifers/shistomsoma.jpg Blood Flukes: Attach to human skin from infected water source http://animal.discovery.com/tv/a-list/creature-countdowns/horrors/images/fluke-horrors.jpg

  14. Class Cestoidea: The Tapeworms • Most live in vertebrate digestive system • Adults lack pigment (white color) • Can grow to large lengths (up to 25 m) • No mouth or digestive tract (they absorb nutrient directly across body wall) • Nervous system not as complex as other platyhelminthes • Monoecious • Adults are made of repeating body units (proglottids- hold reproductive organs) • Subclass Cestodaria= no proglottids • Parasites of fishes

  15. Subclass Eucestoda: True Tapeworms • 3 body regions: • Scolex- anterior end with suckers and hooks • Neck- area of growing proglottids • Stobila- posterior area of proglottids ***proglottids closer to posterior are more mature http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2104.jpg http://www.fastonline.org/CD3WD_40/LSTOCK/001/SA_InfoPaks/docs/Tapeworm/worm1.gif

  16. http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1251/617427668_e747238c1a.jpg http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/Animal%20Diversity/lower%20invertebrates/tapeworm1.jpg

  17. Popular Tapeworms Parasites of Humans: • Beef tapeworm • Pork tapeworm All ingested by infected meat • Broad fish tapeworm

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