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Early Battles in the East and West (1861-1862)

Early Battles in the East and West (1861-1862). J.A.SACCO. The North Takes Action. After Bull Run North realizes the war would be longer than anticipated. Anaconda Plan would be used to gain victory. BLOCKADE THE SOUTH- Would take time for blockade to be effective.

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Early Battles in the East and West (1861-1862)

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  1. Early Battles in the East and West (1861-1862) J.A.SACCO

  2. The North Takes Action • After Bull Run North realizes the war would be longer than anticipated. Anaconda Plan would be used to gain victory. • BLOCKADE THE SOUTH-Would take time for blockade to be effective. • South using blockade runners to break Union blockade • Confederates also using raiders to disrupt the blockade. • CSS Alabama and CSS Florida most famous

  3. C.S.S. Alabama and C.S.S. Florida • C.S.S. Alabama captured 64 Union vessels before sinking off the coast of France in 1864. • C.S.S. Florida destroyed 38 merchant ships before being captured in Brazil. C.S.S. Florida C.S.S. Alabama By Spring of 1862, the Union had sealed off every major Southern port except for Charleston, S.C. and Wilmington, N.C.

  4. The Battle of Hampton Roads (March 8-9, 1862) • Confederates hope to break the Union blockade with a secret weapon- C.S.S. Virginia. • What was the Merrimack? C.S.S. Virginia

  5. The Battle of Hampton Roads (March 8-9, 1862) U.S.S. Monitor

  6. The Battle of Hampton Roads (March 8-9, 1862) • On March 8th, 1862, the C.S.S. Virginia sinks two Union ships, the Cumberland and the Congress (240 dead) and also runs the Minnesota aground. • Following day the U.S.S. Monitor duels the C.S.S. Virginia to a draw. • Eventually the Virginia withdraws- Seen as Union victory. The Duel of the Ironclads

  7. “The days of wooden ships are over.”

  8. Western Campaign- The Lower Mississippi The Battle of New Orleans- Spring 1862 • Step two of the Anaconda Plan was to seize northern and southern points on the Mississippi R. this would split the South in half. • Adm. David Farragut given a fleet of 42 warships to take control of New Orleans. • Went to sea at 9 yrs. Old. • Veteran of both the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War. Adm. David Farragut Adm. David Farragut

  9. Western Campaign- The Lower Mississippi The Battle of New Orleans- Spring 1862 • Gen. Benjamin Butler given 15,000 men to eventually occupy the city. • After an initial attack to destroy Confederate forts, Farragut decides to run a “gauntlet” up the Miss.R. • All ships but four make it up the river. • Butler takes New Orleans on April 25, 1862. • Why was New Orleans an important victory for the North? Gen. Benjamin Butler

  10. Western Campaign- The Upper Mississippi The Battle of Shiloh- April 6-7,1862 • Union needs control of two rivers- the Cumberland R. and the Tenn. R. • Control of the these two rivers would cut Tennessee in two and provide the North with a deep water route into the Confederacy. • Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the invasion. • Grant was victorious in capturing both Forts Donelson and Henry. • Goal was to attack Corinth, Miss. and cut the only railroad line east. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

  11. Western Campaign- The Upper Mississippi The Battle of Shiloh- April 6-7,1862 • Early on April 6, 1862, Rebel forces under Albert Johnston surprise Grant near a small church named Shiloh. • Grant’s army at first pushed back, but then is able to establish a line to repel Confederate attack. • Gen Johnston killed/ P.G.T Beauregard assumes command

  12. Western Campaign- The Upper Mississippi The Battle of Shiloh- April 6-7,1862 • On the following day Grant’s officers advise him to retreat. • Grant’s reply- “I propose to attack at daylight and whip them” • Grant surprises the Confederates- Rebels order a retreat. • 20,000 casualties- “Bloody Shiloh” • Grant called a “butcher”- Citizens want him removed. • Victory at Shiloh/New Orleans gives Union two anchor points on Mississippi R.

  13. War in the East (April-Sept. 1862) • Where Grant was aggressive-McClellan was not. • Put in control of the Army of the Potomac after First Bull Run • Strengths- excellent job in training men, organizing the army- good administrator • Weaknesses- too cautious/ could not think quick enough to take advantage of battle situations/often overestimated enemies strength Gen. George B. McClellan

  14. The Peninsula Campaign (April-July, 1862) • McClellan’s Plan- instead of a frontal assault on Richmond, would take the Army of the Potomac (110,000 men) to the mouth of the James R. and march his men up the Yorktown peninsula and capture Richmond 70 miles away from the South. Plan?

  15. The Peninsula Campaign (April-July, 1862) • Problem #1- Took McClellan 1 month to take Yorktown which was held by a much smaller force. • Problem #2- McClellan moved up peninsula at a snails pace. McClellan asks Lincoln for more men. Lincoln denies request- “Stonewall” Jackson threatening Wash. D.C. in the Shenandoah Valley (May 8th-June 9th) • Still McClellan outnumbers the Southern Army led by Gen. Joseph Johnston by more than 2-1. McClellan makes his way to 6 miles of Richmond. • Confederates counter attack- Battle of Seven Pines- Johnston injured/Robert E. Lee takes command. • Problem #3- McClellan vs. Lee- “no contest”- WHY? Gen. Robert E. Lee

  16. Seven Days of Battles (June 25-July 1, 1862) • After Seven Pines, McClellan convinced he was outnumbered.Why would Rebels attack if they had a smaller force? While McClellan waits. Lee Acts! • Sends cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart to lead reconnaissance around the Union Army. • Discovered McClellan had split his army along the Chickahominy R. • Recalls Jackson from Shenandoah Valley. • Lee now has 88,000 men/McClellan 100,000 men. and Lee attacks McClellan’s right flank. • Begins the Seven Days of Battles. J.E.B. Stuart

  17. Seven Days of Battles (June 25-July 1, 1862)

  18. Second Bull Run (Aug.29-30, 1862) • As McClellan making his way back to Wash.D.C., another army (Army of Virginia) is given to Gen. John Pope. • Lincoln’s plan is to combine both Union armies into one huge army to attack Richmond. • Lee sees opportunity attacks Pope’s army before it could combine. • Southern attack is led by Gen. James Longstreet • Pope is forced back to Wash. D.C. • McClellan put in charge of both armies. • Another great victory for Lee. Gen. John Pope Gen. James Longstreet

  19. Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17,1862) • Lee’s first Northern invasion. 1) End the war in a huge battle on Northern soil. 2) At the least gain European recognition 3) Feed Lee’s starving troops. • Lee- 41,000 men • McClellan- 87,000 men • Bloodiest single day of battle in the war-23,000 casualties

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