TEST 6 REVIEW

1. TEST 6 REVIEW Mrs. Chustz—Biology II Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

2. A) DNA Technology • B) Biotechnology • C) Genetic Engineering • D) Cloning This can be defined as the manipulation of living things for practical purposes:

3. A) DNA Technology • B) Biotechnology • C) Genetic Engineering • D) Cloning This can be defined as the manipulation of living things for practical purposes:

4. A) DNA Technology • B) Biotechnology • C) Genetic Engineering • D) Cloning This can be defined as the manipulation and modification of DNA:

5. A) DNA Technology • B) Biotechnology • C) Genetic Engineering • D) Cloning This can be defined as the manipulation and modification of DNA:

6. A) DNA Technology • B) Biotechnology • C) Genetic Engineering • D) Cloning This can be defined as the modification of an organism’s genetic code, usually by introducing genes from another organism:

7. A) DNA Technology • B) Biotechnology • C) Genetic Engineering • D) Cloning This can be defined as the modification of an organism’s genetic code, usually by introducing genes from another organism:

8. A) is impossible with current technology • B) causes the human genes to manufacture bacterial proteins. • C) results in the formation of a new species of organism • D) allows the bacteria to produce human proteins The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria:

9. A) is impossible with current technology • B) causes the human genes to manufacture bacterial proteins. • C) results in the formation of a new species of organism • D) allows the bacteria to produce human proteins The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria:

10. A) Selective Breeding • B) Natural Selection • C) Dominance • D) Natural Breeding This technique allows only those animals with the desired traits to reproduce:

11. A) Selective Breeding • B) Natural Selection • C) Dominance • D) Natural Breeding This technique allows only those animals with the desired traits to reproduce:

12. This term is used to describe the crossing of 2 different individuals to bring together the best of both organisms, which are often hardier than their parents:

13. Hybridization

14. A) studying families in which the disorder appears • B) studying genetic maps • C) using information from the Human Genome Project • D) All of the above Specific genes responsible for genetic disorders will be identified by:

15. A) studying families in which the disorder appears • B) studying genetic maps • C) using information from the Human Genome Project • D) All of the above Specific genes responsible for genetic disorders will be identified by:

16. What are some examples of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s)?

17. Golden Rice that produces a Vitamin A precursor in the hopes of alleviating Vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. • Bt Corn that has a gene inserted into its genome, which causes the corn to produce a toxin against poisonous caterpillars. • Human Insulin derived from the pancreas of cows and pigs. The insulin gene has been inserted into strains of bacteria and yeast that now produce insulin.

18. These specific enzymes cut at specific DNA sequences:

19. Restriction Enzymes

20. What is a plasmid?

21. A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria

22. A) are found only in bacterial cells • B) can join with each other • C) can join only with complementary fragments of the same species • D) are immediately digested by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell Fragments of DNA having complementary “sticky ends”:

23. A) are found only in bacterial cells • B) can join with each other • C) can join only with complementary fragments of the same species • D) are immediately digested by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell Fragments of DNA having complementary “sticky ends”:

24. What are some advantages of using a bacterial plasmid?

25. This is the uptake and expression of foreign DNA via plasmids:

26. Transformation This is the uptake and expression of foreign DNA via plasmids:

27. This is the uptake, genomic incorporation and expression of foreign DNA via viruses:

28. Transduction This is the uptake, genomic incorporation and expression of foreign DNA via viruses:

29. Plasmids can replicate themselves inside of bacterial cells • Plasmids also usually contain genes for antibiotic resistance.

30. How would you put your gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid?

31. Isolate the plasmid from the bacteria. • Isolate your gene of interest from a eukaryotic cell. • Cut your plasmid with a restriction enzyme. • Cut your gene of interest with the same restriction enzyme (sticky ends) • Mix your plasmid and gene together. • DNA ligase will join the two DNA pieces. • The bacteria will replicate the plasmid and your gene of interest.

32. A) determinant DNA • B) recombinant DNA • C) plasmid DNA • D) restriction DNA A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from 2 different species is called:

33. A) determinant DNA • B) recombinant DNA • C) plasmid DNA • D) restriction DNA A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from 2 different species is called:

34. This is a process by where DNA is copied and amplified very quickly:

35. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

36. A) are used in genetic engineering to make copies of RNA • B) require the same ingredients to make copies of DNA • C) are used in genetic engineering to make proteins • D) None of the above PCR and DNA replication:

37. A) are used in genetic engineering to make copies of RNA • B) require the same ingredients to make copies of DNA • C) are used in genetic engineering to make proteins • D) None of the above PCR and DNA replication:

38. How do bacteria use restriction enzymes as a defense mechanism?

39. Bacteria do not have immune systems, so they use restriction enzymes to protect themselves from bacteriophages. • The restriction enzyme will prevent the bacteriophage DNA from being harmful once inside the bacteria. How do bacteria use restriction enzymes as a defense mechanism?

40. A) inducing a mutation on a source chromosome • B) cutting the DNA with a restriction enzyme • C) recombining pieces of DNA from different organisms • D) cloning and screening bacterial cells. Which of the following procedures is NOT a usual step in an rDNA experiment?

41. A) inducing a mutation on a source chromosome • B) cutting the DNA with a restriction enzyme • C) recombining pieces of DNA from different organisms • D) cloning and screening bacterial cells. Which of the following procedures is NOT a usual step in an rDNA experiment?

42. Different patterns of DNA will show when the DNA from different individuals are cut with a series of restriction enzymes. This process is known as:

43. Different patterns of DNA will show when the DNA from different individuals are cut with a series of restriction enzymes. This process is known as: RFLP

44. A) an organism’s collection of genes • B) a process used to copy DNA • C) the nucleotide sequence that makes up a particular gene • D) a fragment of DNA added to a chromosome during a rDNA experiment A genome is:

45. A) an organism’s collection of genes • B) a process used to copy DNA • C) the nucleotide sequence that makes up a particular gene • D) a fragment of DNA added to a chromosome during a rDNA experiment A genome is:

46. A) is impossible at this time • B) will cause cancer • C) will cause antibodies to kill those cells • D) is called gene therapy Transferring normal human genes into human cells that lack them:

47. A) is impossible at this time • B) will cause cancer • C) will cause antibodies to kill those cells • D) is called gene therapy Transferring normal human genes into human cells that lack them:

48. A) a set of homologous chromosomes • B) a molecule within DNA • C) a type of pants • D) a segment of DNA that codes for protein What is a gene?

49. A) a set of homologous chromosomes • B) a molecule within DNA • C) a type of pants • D) a segment of DNA that codes for protein What is a gene?

50. True or False Gel electrophoresis is a process that uses electricity to separate pieces of DNA based on their size.