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Understanding Gas Laws: Properties, Characteristics, and Applications

Learn about the physical properties of gases, including expansion, fluidity, low densities, compression, diffusion, and effusion. Explore gas laws like Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws, as well as pressure measurements and standard conditions. Solve gas law problems and understand how temperature, pressure, and volume are interrelated in gases. Discover practical applications of gas laws in everyday life.

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Understanding Gas Laws: Properties, Characteristics, and Applications

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  1. Gas laws I. Physical Properties of gases

  2. Characteristics of Gases • Gases expand to fill any container. • random motion, no attraction • Gases are fluids • Gases have very low densities.

  3. C. Characteristics of Gases • Gases can be compressed. • Gases undergo diffusion & effusion. • random motion

  4. Temperature K = ºC + 273 ºC -273 0 100 K 0 273 373 • Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with gases. ºC = K - 273

  5. E. Pressure Which shoes create the most pressure?

  6. Pressure Aneroid Barometer Mercury Barometer • Barometer • measures atmospheric pressure

  7. Pressure • KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL 101.325 kPa (kilopascal) 1 atm 760 mm Hg 760 torr 14.7 psi

  8. F. STP Standard Temperature & Pressure 0°C273 K 1 atm101.325 kPa -OR- STP

  9. F. STP Room Temperature & Pressure 25°C298 K 1 atm101.325 kPa -OR- RTP

  10. V T P The Gas Laws II. The Gas LawsBOYLESCHARLESGAY-LUSSAC

  11. A. Boyle’s Law P V PV = k

  12. A. Boyle’s Law P V • The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related • at constant mass & temp PV = k

  13. B. Charles’ Law V T

  14. B. Charles’ Law V T • The volume and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly related • at constant mass & pressure

  15. C. Gay-Lussac’s Law P T

  16. C. Gay-Lussac’s Law P T • The pressure and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly related • at constant mass & volume

  17. D. Combined Gas Law P1V1 T1 P2V2 T2 = P1V1T2 =P2V2T1

  18. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas occupies 473 cm3 at 36°C. Find its volume at 94°C. CHARLES’ LAW GIVEN: V1 = 473 cm3 T1 = 36°C = 309K V2 = ? T2 = 94°C = 367K T V WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (473 cm3)(367 K)=V2(309 K) V2 = 562 cm3

  19. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas occupies 100. mL at 150. kPa. Find its volume at 200. kPa. BOYLE’S LAW GIVEN: V1 = 100. mL P1 = 150. kPa V2 = ? P2 = 200. kPa P V WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (150.kPa)(100.mL)=(200.kPa)V2 V2 = 75.0 mL

  20. E. Gas Law Problems • A gas occupies 7.84 cm3 at 71.8 kPa & 25°C. Find its volume at STP. COMBINED GAS LAW P T V GIVEN: V1=7.84 cm3 P1=71.8 kPa T1=25°C = 298 K V2=? P2=101.325 kPa T2=273 K WORK: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 (71.8 kPa)(7.84 cm3)(273 K) =(101.325 kPa)V2 (298 K) V2 = 5.09 cm3

  21. APPLICATIONS OF GAS LAWS

  22. . everyday applications of gas laws. Picha zinazohusiana:

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