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Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

Discover the motivations behind the Age of Discovery & Exploration - expanding religion, seeking wealth, and establishing power. Explore new technologies, the impact of the Triangle Trade, Joint Stock Companies, Mercantilism, Colonial Development, and the Columbian Exchange.

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Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

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  1. Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

  2. Motives

  3. Motives for Exploration • God • Gold • Glory

  4. Motives #1 – GOD • The CHURCH wanted to: • Stop the spread of Islam • Spread Christianity

  5. Motive #2 – GOLD • MERCHANTS wanted to: • Find new trade routes to the East • Make a profit

  6. Motive #3 – GLORY • EUROPEANS wanted to: • Establish colonies & trading posts throughout the world (competition between nations)

  7. New Technology

  8. New Technology • Astrolabe: • An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

  9. New Technology • Triangular Sails: • Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the wind • Cartography Improvement: • Increasingly precise maps

  10. The Caravel: A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship Proved to be more effective than previous vessels New Technology

  11. The Race is On!

  12. The Race is On! • At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in terms of new sailing technology • Began a national rivalry between Portugal & Spain

  13. The Race is On! • Line of Demarcation (1493): • An imaginary line of longitude that was established to divide lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain • Intended to maintain peace

  14. The Race is On! • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): • Moved the Line of Demarcation further to the West due to Portuguese complaints

  15. The Impact of Exploration

  16. #1 – The Triangular Trade

  17. #1 – The Triangular Trade • Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth • Africa – Americas: slaves • Americas – Europe: sugar, molasses, cotton, tobacco

  18. #2 – The Middle Passage • Second leg of the Triangle Trade; 6 to 12 week voyage • Tiny spaces, chained together • Darkness, stench, heat • 1 in 5 did not survive

  19. Died of disease, suffocation or suicide 20 – 30 million people taken from Africa #2 – The Middle Passage

  20. Diagram of Slave Ship

  21. #3 – Joint Stock Companies • Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed Joint Stock Companies • Raised money by combining resources with other merchants

  22. #3 – Joint Stock Companies • Allowed large & small investors to share the profits & risks of exploration voyages

  23. #4 – Mercantilism • Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth; amount of gold/silver it possessed • Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible

  24. #5 – Colonial Development • European nations established colonies to gain power & wealth, as well as to make the “mother country” self sufficient

  25. #6 – Columbian Exchange • The Columbian Exchange refers to global transfer of plants, animals, diseases and technology between the “Old” and “New” Worlds • TransformedEuropean and Native American ways of life

  26. #6 – Columbian Exchange

  27. America: Potato Corn Turkey Chili Pepper Chocolate Pineapple Blueberry Pumpkin Asia: Rice Tea Spices Sugarcane Soybean Coconut Eggplant Citrus Fruit Europe: Cattle Horse Wheat Sugar Onion Olive Beef Cabbage Citrus Fruit Africa: Banana Rice Plantain Yam Okra Pepper Coffee Where did it come from?

  28. SMALLPOX

  29. Ticket out the door • Think of your favorite meal • List all the ingredients needed to create that meal (on your ticket) • Label those ingredients ‘Old World’ or ‘New World’ • When finished, determine whether anyone on earth could have enjoyed that meal prior to 1492! Record your answer on the ticket.

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