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Pixel R&D

Pixel R&D. The useful lifetime of the innermost pixel layer is expected to be limited to a few years at design luminosity.

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Pixel R&D

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  1. Pixel R&D • The useful lifetime of the innermost pixel layer is expected to be limited to a few years at design luminosity. • However, there are substantial uncertainties in the actual radiation levels and realistic operating voltages => plan on replacing at least this layer(possibly more) early, since pixels are essential for tracking and required for all b-tagging, which is critical for high Pt physics. • On a somewhat longer timescale, luminosities beyond 1034 will require major upgrades to the tracking system eg. replacement of gas detectors by silicon(or something else), replacement of silicon strip detectors by pixels and increased radiation hardness(beyond the current 25MRad) for pixel detectors. • R&D for >1034 is very challenging(it’s taken us about 20 years to be comfortable with 1034).

  2. Pixel R&D Areas • Electronics • Increase/understand radiation hardness > 100 MRad. This looks promising but much more study needed. • Follow the technology from 0.25 to smaller feature sizes. Work on 0.17  or 0.13 can begin very soon. • Reduce pixel size below 50x400. There is already significant confusion in at least innermost pixel layer. • Sensors • A follow on to the successful ROSE collaboration is starting to address the 1035 challenge. • Hybridization • Reduce the pitch of bump bonding to allow smaller pixels, or use redistribution in electronics. • Development of MCM-D technology to mostly eliminate kapton hybrids has been ongoing for some time and needs further development. • Mechanics and systems issues • Reduce material and complexity of the mechanics/cooling. Material reduction directly improves electron and photon energy resolution and tracking performance. • Complexity of current cabling/cooling is formidable. Reliability will be problem. • Radioactivation of pixel elements is already significant at 1034. There are as yet no good ideas about how to handle this for higher luminosities.

  3. Replacement Funding Profile

  4. Replacement Costs • Silicon R&D in past years received substantial non-project support, which will be largely absent for replacement. • Pixel Replacement R&D($2.5M) • For comparison, past project costs for pixel R&D were about $2.5M(AY). Costs including other support were 2-3 times this value. • Pixel Replacement Costs($5M) • For comparison, current project baseline project costs(TPC) are $6.7M. Including non-project support would raise this to about $11M. • SCT Replacement R&D Costs($0.9M) • Covers only US part of electronics design and prototype costs for silicon strip IC replacement. • ReadOut Driver R&D and Replacement Costs($2.3M) • Covers R&D related to replacement of pixel RODs to match pixel replacement. Current ROD TPC(including pixel RODs in management contingency) is about $3.5M.

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