HC #6 Consequences of the Civil Rights Movement The Rise of Black Power

1. HC #6Consequences of the Civil Rights MovementThe Rise of Black Power

2. Objective… Describe how the Civil Rights movement gave rise to the Black Power Movement. Analyze the progress of the CR Movement (1954-1968).

3. Dr. King is the primary spokes person for civil rights, but not everyone supports his methods….

4. Opposition to Dr. King…- Some questioned the merits of a racially integrated society - King’s Techniques are outdated - Progress was too slow - Black Separatists sought… - Back to Africa movement - Land grants within the US

5. 1965: The Voters Rights Act • Outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for disenfranchising African Americans… • i.e. Literacy tests • The act allowed the federal government to oversee elections.

6. The 1965 Watts Riots • 34 dead- 1,032 injured- 3,400 arrested- $40M in damages • The most severe riot in the LA's history …until 1992 • A commission identified the root causes… • Police brutality • High unemployment • Poor schools, and other • Inferior living conditions • The commission made specific recommendations for change that were ignored.

7. 1965: Watts Riots

8. In 1966 & 67 more than 100 riots & violent clashes took place in… Detroit , Newark, Cleveland, Chicago, Philadelphia, Milwaukee & Dayton Detroit 1967 – 43 deaths - $40M in property damage “Fire, smoke, gunshots, shouting, screaming, looting, rocks, bottles, Molotov cocktails, blood spilling and some people dying, and hundreds of injured. Citizens mostly. Spiraling confrontations all over the city proper.”

9. LBJ appoints the Kerner Commission to investigate the urban violence of 1967… • Task: Provide recommendations for the future • The report's most infamous passage … "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white — separate and unequal.“ • The finding of the commission… - Urban violence was related white racism - Black frustration with economic opportunity. - Failed policies… education; social-services - Unrealized expectations of CR movement & LBJ’s promises of a “Great Society” • Solutions… Job opportunities; better housing; hire diverse police forces; invest in housing programs; stop de-facto segregation • Martin Luther King Jr., pronounced the report a… "physician's warning of approaching death, with a prescription for life."

10. Malcolm LittleAKA:- El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz- Malcolm XBorn: May 19, 1925  Died: February 21, 1965 • Advocates… • Radical change from MLK’s methods • Non violence tactics doesn’t work • Encourages violent tactics • “black power”& “black separatism” • “Any means necessary to fight against the blue-eyed white devils”

11. Malcolm X… 1925: Born in Omaha, NE …Father & uncle were murdered by white supremacists & mom was institutionalized for mental illness …His family lived in constant fear of the KKK …He was raised in foster homes1946: Age 20, sent to prison for breaking & entering …In prison becomes a member of the Nation of Islam …Changes his name toEl-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz1952: Released from prison …Spent 12 years as a spokesman & leader of the NI …taught black supremacy, advocated separatism —NO INTEGRATION 1964:Breaks with the NI …"I was a zombie then ... pointed in a certain direction and told to march"—disavows racism & expresses a willingness to work with civil rights leaders …Remained an advocate for black self-determination & self defense.1965: Assassinated by members of NI while giving a speech on racial harmony in NYC.

12. Malcolm X - Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam while giving a speech on racial harmony in NYC on Feb 22, 1965 Admirers saw MX as an advocate for the rights of African Americans who held white America accountable for crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, anti- semitism & advocating violence. * He has been called one of the most influential African Americans in history.

13. StokelyCarmichael & SNCC • 1966: • Under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael SNCC breaks ties with the mainstream civil rights movement … Carmichael is considered the"Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party • SNCC is no longer influenced by MLK and the use non violence in seeking social change • Main issues …Black power & protest against the Vietnam War.

14. The Black Panthers • 1966: Founded by Huey Newton & Bobby Seale in Oakland, CA …BPP membership peaks at 10K in 1969 • Goals: Promote socialism/ Marxism; Protect black neighborhoods from police with armed patrols & evaluated police behavior; Started the Free Breakfast for Children program. • FBI (Director J. E. Hoover) called the party "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country”…The FBI/ J.E. Hoover worked to undermine BP leadership, incriminate party members & drain the organization of resources. • The goals of the BPP were overshadowed by criminal actions & violent tactics against police …Popular support for the BPP declined… Reports of the group's involvement in drug dealing & extortion …1980 the BPP has 27 members

15. The Black Panthers Party

16. Dr. Martin Luther KingBorn: January,15th1929 - Died: April, 4th 1968 "We got some difficult days ahead, but it really doesn't matter to me now, because I've been to the mountaintop. I've seen the promised land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land." -MLK

17. Dr. King’s assassin…James Earl Ray

18. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial West Potomac Park in Washington, D.C.

20. Poll Tax Receipt