DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT SECURITY TIMO HÄRKÖNEN

1. THE FINNISH CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION; STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL AND SITUATION AWARENESS DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT SECURITY TIMO HÄRKÖNEN

3. A Question of Language • SAFETY = TURVALLISUUS in Finnish • SECURITY = TURVALLISUUS in Finnish

4. Government Report on the Finnish Security and Defence Policy The Internal Security Programme Government Resolution on the Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society BROAD SECURITY CONCEPT Government Programme The Concept of Total Defence A safer community

5. HIERARCHY OF THREATS AND RISKS Global Threats and phenomena which can primarily be affected by cooperation among states The security of the future of theEarth and its population National Threats which primarily focus on the state, society and the people GOVERNMENTS REPORT ON THE FINNISH SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY The security of the state,the society and the population The individual Threats which primarily affect the individual The citizen’sbasic security STRATEGY FOR SECURING THE FUNCTIONS VITAL TO SOCIETY THE INTERNAL SECURITY PROGRAMME

6. HIERARCHY OF THREATS AND RISKS International community Insufficiency of natural resources Contamination Desertification Over- population Society Ethnic crisis A disturbance in the electricity grid International terrorism Threats linked to migratory flows International organized crime A serious disturbance affecting health and income security of the population Environmental threats Terrorism as well as organized and other serious crime The individual Major accidents and natural disasters Atmospheric warming Political, economic and military pressure Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction A serious disturbance in the functioning of the economy Marginalization Smoking Alcoholism The use of military force Falling incidents Accidents Insecurity Violent crime The model is strongly simplified, there are also plenty of interdependences between layers

7. THE CONCEPT OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT Threats and Risks Resources at disposal Resources within administration ????? ????? Terrorism Information network malfunction Securing functions VitaL To society ????? Pandemic diseases Business community Illegal immigration Disturbance in economy ????? Use of military power Environmental threats ????? Extreme weather phenomenon NGOs and citizens Pressure Major accident EU and interna-tional resources COOPERATION AND COORDINATION Coordination of resources deployment Reviewing of capability building Monitoring of security environment Assessing of consequences Coordination of preparations

8. ACTORS AND PARTNERS OF THE BROAD SECURITY AND THEIR ROLES Foreign Domestic Public Private Partnership Ad-ministration (authorities) People (NGO) Economic life (companies) Products and services Legislative responsibility Needs of Security The significance of the companies in securing the functions vital to society is growing

9. National Board of Economic Defence Current Finnish Security of Supply PPP organisation Min. of Trade and Industry National Board of Economic Defence NESA Central Section Sector for energy supply Sector for food supply Sector for transport and logistics Sector for health services Sector for the information society • Agri- and aqua- • culture Pool • Foodstuffs • Industry Pool • Retail and • Distribution Pool • Power and • District Heat • Pool • Oil Pool • Air Transport • Pool • Surface • Transport Pool • - regional • commissions • Maritime • Transport Pool • Public Health • Pool • Water and • Sanitation Pool • Electronics Industry • Pool • Printing Industry • Pool • Communications • Networks Pool • Information • Technology Pool • Mass Communi- • cations Pool • Regional Pool ● Chemical Industry Pool ● Metal Industry Pool ● Forest Industry Pool ● Construction pool ● Plastic and Rubber Industry Pool ● Textile Industry Pool ● Finance Pool ● Insurance Pool - regional commissions Critical actors, c 2000

10. The Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society

11. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESOLUTION • Seven vital functions • desired end state • 50 strategic tasks for ministries • development needs • emphasizes on development • Nine threat scenarios • 61 special situation • State crisis management model • Monitoring mechanism Resolution Ministry Ministry Ministry Guidance/Legislation Subordinate administration, Correlated business communities, NGO’s and citizens

12. Government Resolution 23.11.2006 The Strategy for Securing the Functions Vital to Society (Government Resolution 23.11.2006): The state crisis management model The role of maintaining situation awareness

13. Extensive Malfunction in ICT-systems Illegal Immigration Health Threats Natural Disasters Security Situations and Threat models: SSFV 2003, SSFV 2006 Disruptive Situations Normal Conditions State of Emergency TSCHERNOBYL (ESTONIA) TSUNAMI AVIAN FLU PANDEMIC TERRORISM (LONDON) (HURRICANE KATRINA) (WEATHER DISTURBANCES) A Serious Disturbance in the Functioning of Economy International Political Crisis Organized Crime and Terrorism Major Accidents Territorial violations Use of Military Force

14. Basis of Crisis Management Early Warning Rapid Response Sufficient Resources Sufficient Communication Compare Democratic State Bureaucracy Compare Military Administration Military Command Compare Powers of Competent Authorities CONCEALING DOWNPLAYING BUREAUCRACY ”TURF WAR” Source: adapting Steven Fink

15. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Support Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Support Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launches the response Alarm and inform Authority empowered by law

16. Examples of Special Situations Security situation Normal situations Disturbances Exceptional conditions Destruction of a vital target Large nuclear accident Blocking of merchant shipping in the Baltic Serious disturbance in commun. network Dangerous infectious disease Large-scale flood Terrorist strike N.B. In exceptional conditions additional authority is always provided to named authorities and specified in regard to to time and region. A special situation means a surprising or sudden threat or event that may endanger the citizens’ security or the vital functions of society. In managing this situation measures have been taken to use leadership models, communications, authorizations or resources defined by state crisis management model.

17. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Support Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Support Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launched the response Alarm and inform Competent Ministry Competent Authority Authority empowered by law

18. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Support Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Government Situation Centre Support Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launches the response Alarm and inform Competent Ministry Competent Authority Authority empowered by law

19. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Support Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Government Situation/Crisis Management Centre Support First coordination body Chaired by Dir of Govn Security Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launches the response Alarm and inform Authority empowered by law

20. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Coordination body Chaired by State Sec Support Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Government Situation/Crisis Management Centre Support Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launches the response Alarm and inform Authority empowered by law

21. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Support Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Government Crisis Management Centre Support Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launched the response Alarm and inform Authority empowered by law

22. STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT MODEL GGo Government Plenary Session or Negotiation Formal decisions Preparatory handling Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy Support Government Crisis Management Centre Meeting of Permanent Secretaries Support Meeting of heads of Preparedness Launches the response Alarm and inform Authority empowered by law

23. Role of the Prime Minister´s Office • The Director of Government Security chairs the meeting of the heads of preparedness and the State Secretary at the Prime Minister’s Office chairs the meeting of permanent secretaries (depending on the case, the vice chair is from the competent ministry) • The Prime Minister’s Office provides support in matters relating to the situation picture, premises and communications. • Meetings are to coordinate measures among the ministries in any security situation. Coordination of duties in emergencies is required to ensure the smooth functioning of authorities’ activities. • Government-level decisions are made in a plenary session of the Government.

24. Meeting of the heads of preparedness In special situations, the meeting of the heads of preparedness acts a cooperative body of the ministries. In this capacity the meeting • updates the joint situation picture; • presents how each administrative sector can support the competent ministry, coordinating these efforts where required; and • prepares matters required to manage the situation for consideration by the meeting of permanent secretaries.

25. Meeting of the heads of preparedness • The meeting of the heads of preparedness is chaired by the Director of Government Security. The State Secretary at the Prime Minister’s Office is the chair’s immediate operational supervisor at the Prime Minister’s Office. • In special situations, the meeting can be chaired by the head of preparedness at the ministry whose responsibilities are most relevant to management of the situation (the competent ministry).

26. Meeting of the heads of preparedness • The meeting of the heads of preparedness may invite permanent experts. • Representatives of non-governmental organizations, the business community, and relevant authorities may also participate in the meetings as specially invited experts.

27. Government Crisis Management Centre Crisis Management Situation Centre Alarm Situation Awareness Analysis (POC: CCA, CESIS) Communication Centre Media Centre (Partners) Administration: Preparation, Implementation OPERATIONAL LEVEL OF MINISTRIES

28. Generating a situation picture • Government efforts in generating a situation picture are geared to ensuring - around the clock in all conditions - that the state leadership remains fully informed and the situation picture is kept current. • Compiling a situation picture means providing both a prognostic and a real-time picture of the security situation, coordination of which is the responsibility of the Prime Minister’s Office.

29. GCMC, PMO Situation Awareness Network Police Border G. Emerg.Agency MOI,Pol MOI,SAR MOJ MFA MoD Government DefStaff op Gov control room MOT BoF MoE Coordination MOED FEnv.C MOL MSAH MINTC MAF MTI RoadA CERT Sea Air

30. Reporting Ministries Situation Centre or Situation Room of the Ministry Agencies, Departments, Military Commands, etc. Prime Minister, Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy (CCFSP) National Coordinator Situation Centre or Situation Room of the Ministry State Provincial Offices Analyzes, Assessments Local sector Situation Centre or Situation Room of the Ministry Real-time situation picture Universities, institutes Situation Centre or Situation Room of the Ministry Event reports, Open sources

31. Prognostic situation picture • The Prime Minister’s Office works closely with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior, and the Ministry of Defence to compile a prognostic picture of the security situation. • This work is led by the secretary of state at the Prime Minister’s Office in cooperation with the permanent secretaries of the three ministries. • The situation picture reports are distributed to the minister members of the Cabinet Committee on Foreign and Security Policy (CCFSP).

32. Real-time situation picture • The Government Situation Centre is staffed around the clock. • The different administrative sectors have a duty to report abnormal events and situations, such as major accidents, to the Situation Centre. • The Situation Centre follows world news events extensively. • The Situation Centre forwards information on events to the state leadership where necessary.

33. Event report • An event report must be made to the Government Situation Centre at the Prime Minister’s Office in the case of: • a significant threat to the security of citizens • events attracting public interest • events threatening the functionality of the Government and possibly requiring actions by the state leadership (= special situation) • An event report may also consist of information noticed in the media.

34. Duty arrangements • Duty officer 24 h (from Security Police) • Situation Awareness Coordinator and his deputy from Prime Minister´s Office • Prime Minister´s Office (state secretary or deputy) • State leadership