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Light production

Light production. Thanks to Rebekah Wilkins, Jackie O’Riley. Perciformes. Perciformes. Lophiiformes. Light production in fishes Who? scattered among 13 orders, 45 families (Bond Table 19-1) mostly in teleosts, 2 families of elasmobranches. Where? mostly deep sea, 300-1,000m

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Light production

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  1. Light production Thanks to Rebekah Wilkins, Jackie O’Riley

  2. Perciformes

  3. Perciformes Lophiiformes

  4. Light production in fishes Who? scattered among 13 orders, 45 families (Bond Table 19-1) mostly in teleosts, 2 families of elasmobranches

  5. Where? mostly deep sea, 300-1,000m up to 2/3 of deep oceanic fishes produce light 600-700 species of mesopelagic fishes

  6. How? General principle: production of light by ‘cold’ chemical reaction: luciferase Luciferin + O2 + ATP  oxyluciferin + light

  7. How? 1. produce luciferin – usually under neural control may have lens or iris to control emission of light 2. rob luciferin from diet concentrate it in specialized areas of body 3. contain symbiotic bacteria in special structures probably derived from diet occlude with tissue or pigment to ‘flash’ light

  8. Why? 1. Predation – reduces prey-seeking energy and time lures on anglerfishes on inside of mouth (Sternoptyx, Psueodscopelus) mimic lures of dragonfishes may mimic prey conspecifics cookie cutter shark may appear smaller, less threatening Anglerfish DragonfishSternoptyx

  9. Why? 1. Predation – reduces prey-seeking energy and time lures on anglerfishes on inside of mouth (Sternoptyx, Psueodscopelus) mimic lures of dragonfishes may mimic prey conspecifics cookie cutter shark may appear smaller, less threatening Anglerfish DragonfishSternoptyx LophiiformesLophiiformesStomiiformes

  10. Why? 1. Predation – reduces prey-seeking energy and time lures on anglerfishes on inside of mouth (Sternoptyx, Psueodscopelus) mimic lures of dragonfishes may mimic prey conspecifics cookie cutter shark may appear smaller, less threatening 2. Predation – see prey better ‘flashlights’ under eyes, or in mouth red light of black dragonfish, not visible to prey

  11. Why? 3. Defense countershading on ventral surface (hatchefishes) Stomiiformes

  12. Counter illumination

  13. Why? 3. Defense countershading on ventral surface (hatchefishes) intimidation – appear larger (elongate dragonfish) confuse or startle predator – flashlight fish apparently change position with each flash Beryciformes

  14. Why? 3. Defense countershading on ventral surface (hatchefishes) intimidation – appear larger (elongate dragonfish) confuse or startle predator – flashlight fish apparently change position with each flash 4. Communication aggregate conspecifics (flashlight fish)

  15. Why? 5. Sexual selection? Melanostomias male is brighter – female may select by brightness

  16. Control: lens or iris-like structures control light emission tissue or pigment occlusion allows ‘flashing’ cover the photophore with a membrane or rotate it inward

  17. Shining Tubeshoulder • Photophores on underside • Tube on each shoulder • Squirts bioluminescent ink at predators

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