The Age of Absolutism 1550 - 1800

1. The Age of Absolutism1550 - 1800 Focus Question What events led to the rise of absolute monarchies in Europe?

2. What details in this picture give us clues to Louis’s status as an absolute ruler of a powerful nation?

3. Do NowComplete the Chart

4. What is an Absolute Monarch? • Divine Right- to rule directly from God • Idea that a king gets his authority to rule directly from God. • Kings gain power & centralized governments lose power • Three common traits • Total Power • Keep nobility weak • Powerful standing army

5. The “Hot List”The Who’s Who of Absolute Monarchs Peter the Great Russia Philip II Spain Elizabeth I England

6. And of course, how could we forget…… Louis XIV aka “The Sun King” France

7. The Age of Absolutism1550 - 1800 Focus Question What events led to the rise of absolute monarchies in Europe?

8. King Philip II of Spain

9. DO NOW Congratulations! Today you are Princes and Princesses! Using your worksheet- With the understanding of Friday’s introduction to a ruler’s power during this time: Using the qualities of an absolute, leader how would you rule this land? What issues would you have ruling?

11. We will… evaluate Philip’s (Spain) rise to power and his accomplishments predict their down fallsI will… create a reflection paragraph describing the effectiveness of Philip’s accomplishments andpredicting his possible downfalls Materials:Today’s packets (2)Friday’s notes (packet about absolutism)

12. Spanish Power Grows • By 1519, Charles V had inherited two crowns • Ruled Spain & Spanish colonies in the Americas • Ruled Hapsburg Empire • Holy Roman Empire • Netherlands • Southern Italy

13. Charles Gives Up • Ruling the empire was too much for Charles • Gives land in HolyRomEmpto brother • Philip II (son) finally receives Spain, Netherlands, Italian states, & Spanishcolonies in Americas

15. Do Now What was your prediction for Philip’s accomplishments: • Expanded Spanish power • Strengthened Catholic Church • Patron of arts/learning

16. Philip’s Power Absolute Ruled with complete authority over the government Believed in “divine right” to rule Accomplishments include: Expanded Spanish power Strengthened Catholic Church Patron of arts/learning

17. Philip’s Accomplishments In your group: Each person will read about one of Philip’s accomplishments and complete your section of the chart. - 8 min Brown- Reading 1 Gold- Reading 2 Black- Reading 3 “Weapon of Choice” After, you will teach one another about the topic you are the expert on! – 10 min

18. Philip’s Tools of the Trade Gold from the Americas Marriage – Philip II & Mary Tudor Why would Philip marry another ruler? Warfare – Spanish naval fleet

19. Summary Best accomplishment and Why?

20. Summary 1. Predict the effectiveness of the accomplishment you read about ? 2. How may this accomplishment actually be a curse for Philip?

21. Down Fall

22. Spanish Decline • Costly overseas wars and colonies • Taxed the middle class too much • Religious Issues: • Kicked out Muslims & Jews • The Dutch Revolt- Protestants break loose in the Netherlands • Inflation

23. The Showdown with England Queen Elizabeth was Philip’s Protestant Enemy #1 She openly supported the Dutch against Spain, sent English sea captains to attack Spanish ships, and encouraged them to loot Spanish cities in the Americas. In 1588, Philip sent the Spanish Armada to invade England. To his disappointment, they lost in humiliating fashion.

24. The Showdown with England Do Now: Create your plan of attack..WITH YOUR MAP

25. Route of the Spanish Armada • Was Philip’s strategy for invasion a good one?

27. Turning Point in History • England would remain Protestant. • Spain no longer world’s greatest power. • Had the most land but was bankrupt. • Real power shifted to England & France.

28. Do Now: • Reading Quiz- Study your notes

30. French Wars of Religion1562-1598 • Catholics vs. French Protestants (Huguenots) • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Occurred on Aug. 24th, 1572 • Assassination attempts on Huguenot leaders • Led to the massacre of thousands of Huguenots • Plunged France into chaos

31. Setting the Scene for Louis Cardinal Richelieu Strengthens Royal Power • Chief minister of Louis XIII (Henry’s son) • Destroyed the power of Huguenots & nobles • Smashed walled cities/castles • Defeated their armies Henry IV Brings Peace • Edict of Nantes • religious toleration • Repaired France • Reduced influence of nobles VS

32. Louis XIV THE ABSOLUTE MONARCH • Became king at age 5 • Led to Fronde(rebellion by all social classes in France) • Rioters drive boy king from palace • At 23, sought to take COMPLETE control over government

33. Do Now: How would 5 year old you rule the country/ fix the chaos in France?

34. “L’etat, c’estmoi”“I Am the State” Called himself “The Sun King” Believed in divine right

35. Louis XIV Strengthens Royal Power • Appointed intendants - officials who collect taxes & recruit soldiers • Gave gov. jobs to middle class men, not nobles or clergy • Made French army strongest in Europe • 300,000 strong

36. France’s FinancesJean – Baptiste Colbert • Set up mercantilist policies • High tariffs on imported goods • Regulated trade with overseas colonies • France wealthiest country in Europe

37. Do Now Find and sit with your groups and take out your worksheets

38. Palace of Versailles Perfect symbol of King Louis XIV’s wealth and power.

39. What does the inside of the palace tell us about King Louis XIV?

40. Louis XIV established an elaborate & rigid court ceremony Levee – ritual concerning the waking up and going to bed of the king Rituals served a purpose – turned nobles into courtiers vying for privileges rather than rivals fighting for power.

41. Classic Age of French Drama • French painting, music, architecture, & dance were models for rest of Europe Ballet – new form of dance at Versailles

42. How would you design your ideal palace? • What would the floor plan be like? • How many rooms would you have? • What activity rooms would you have? • How would you decorate your palace? • Come up with a design on a separate sheet of paper, to be turned it. You have unlimited money to spend since you are an absolute monarch.

43. A Strong Country Declines • Spent too much money on war • Did not include the Estates General (rep’ing social classes) in decisions • Persecuted Huguenots • In 1685, revoked Edict of Nantes • Kicked Huguenots out of France • Among hardest working & richest of Louis’ subjects Sound familiar?

44. Do Now What important governmental bodies exist in the United States? Why were these bodies put into place?

45. Absolutism in EnglandA Different Story • Tudor monarchs workedWITH Parliament • However, Parliament usually voted in their favor How did Henry VIII and Elizabeth I deal with Parliament?

46. A Century of Revolution Begins: King James I • After Elizabeth, James Stuart inherited the throne • Not as popular as Tudors • Clashed with Parliament • Parliament would not give him $$$ for war • So, he got rid of Parliament “My power will not be disputed!”

47. Parliament Responds: Charles I • In 1625, Charles I inherited the throne and he 1. Imprisoned enemies without trials 2. Squeezed nation for money • Charles forced to sign Petition of Right that said he couldn’t do these without Parliament 1. raise taxes 2. throw people in jail

48. The Long Parliament 1640-1653 VS. Parliament Charles I Parliament tried & executed Charles’ chief advisors, including bishops. They also said that Parliament could not be dismissed without its consent.

49. Charles’s Response 1642- Charles led troops into the Parliament building to arrest its top leaders.(Leaders escape) = WAR!- English Civil War

50. Civil War (1642- 1651)Cavaliers vs. Roundheads Roundheads – Parliament forces that consisted of men from the country, city workers, & Puritan clergy Cavaliers - wealthy nobles who supported the king – well trained in warfare