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a Growing Concern in Latin America

Energy and Conflicts:. a Growing Concern in Latin America. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Patricia I. Vasquez Patricia_vasquez@jhu.edu. Types of Energy Conflicts. REGIONAL. a. Geopolitical. b . Border. 2. NATIONAL. c . Revenue.

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a Growing Concern in Latin America

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  1. Energy and Conflicts: a Growing Concern in Latin America ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Patricia I. Vasquez Patricia_vasquez@jhu.edu

  2. Types of Energy Conflicts REGIONAL a. Geopolitical b. Border 2. NATIONAL c. Revenue d. Local

  3. Economic Indicators Improved Poverty Levels reduced: from 55% in 2001 to 36.2% in 2008 More people have access to Basic Services High economic growth rates HOWEVER

  4. At the heart of the conflicts: Historic marginalization: ⌃ Lack access to (acceptable) Basic Services ⌃ Lack access to political participation ⌃ Alienation from center of decision-making ⌃ Lack of State presence in their territory.

  5. Why do Conflicts Occur? • STRUCTURAL Governance and Institutional Weaknesses Legal Rigidities Unclear Policies 2. NON-STRUCTURAL

  6. Why do Conflicts Occur? (cont.) • Structural 2. Non-Structural Imperfect participation mechs. Companies’ CRS practices Weak Institutional Mediation for Solving Conflicts Divisions: w/in-btw. Comm//Comm-umbrella org. Degree of mobilization of Comm. History of social/environmental degradation. . Degree of NGO involvement//Type of NGOs. Degree of compliance w/ previous agmts.

  7. PERU Compensation Monitoring Multisect. Comm

  8. Block 1AB Block Production Seized Wells Shut airp. OMB. AMZ. Strike OMB. OMB. NGOs E-Tech Report No Compliance No Compliance No Compliance Govt. no show Disagr./Threats Law suit in LA. 1st .Agr Dorissa Acc.

  9. Sources: Own elaboration with data from Office of the Ombudsman. MEM.

  10. PERU:OIL LICENSES • 2009 • Source: Perupetro • 2004 • Source: Perupetro

  11. Thank you! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Patricia I. Vasquez Patricia_vasquez@jhu.edu

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