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Effect of Immunization with a Common Recall Antigen on Viral Expression in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Alidana Castillo. Introduction. Cellular activation Vitro and vivo studies. Rational.
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Effect of Immunization with a Common Recall Antigen on Viral Expression in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1byAlidana Castillo
Introduction • Cellular activation • Vitro and vivo studies
Rational • The hypothesis of the article was to study the effect of cellular activation by immunization with an antigen (tetanus toxoid) in vitro and vivo expressions of virus HIV-1. • The immunization of vitro susceptibility to acute infections in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC), from non-infected subjects.
Methods • The patients were healthy heterosexual men and women and homosexual men. • The control groups were seronegative HIV-1 individuals. • Used (3) seropositive patients and (4) seronegative control subjects. • PBMCs were collected from two patients.
Table 1 • Used 13 immunized patients and 3 of them were mock patients. • Peak detection of plasma viremia after immunization occurred between 3 to 28 days. • High CD4+ T- cell counts peaks earlier than 7 days (patients 9, 10, 12). • Low CD4+ T-cell counts (patients 1, 2, 7).
Table 1 (continuation) • CD4+ T-cells increased by a factor of 36 in Patient 10, with long-term non-progressive infections. • Patient 6 was an asymptomatic patient and CD4+ T-cell count of 336, plasma viremia tripled in 7 days after tenatus immunization.
Figure 1 • Figure 1A, shows the results of patients 5 and 12. • Figure 1B, shows patients 1, 7, 8,10, and 11. • Figure 1C, shows patients 3, 4, and 9. • Figure 1D, shows patient 2 and patient 13. • Figure 1E, shows mock patients 14 and 15, no significant changes.
Figure 2 • Figure 2A and 2B, show patient 6, an asypmotomatic individual that developed fever and who had a history of hemoptysis (blood was coughed out from the lungs) after 42 days of immunization.
Figure 3 • Figure 3, shows the effects of tetanus immunization in patient 3. • Figure 3C, shows results of lymph-node specimens obtained at two times the day of immunization and 30 days after. • Figure 3D, shows the results of quantitative RNA analysis and DNA PCR, showed an increase of HIV-1 RNA after 30 days.
Figure 4 • After immunization, easier to obtain PBMCs depleted from CD8+ T cells in 9 patients under minimally stimulated conditions. • Figure 4A , shows the viral isolation of patient 7 after immunization. • Figure 4B, shows mock patient 15 who was not immunized.
Figure 4 (continuation) • Figures 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E as well show the peak and base-line levels of 10 patients out of 12 and 1 mock immunized patient. • For patient 11, levels of viral immunization were not significantly increased over the base line, Figure 4E. • Figure 4F, shows patient 12 in late isolation of virus, day 21.
Conclusion • Cellular activation is associated with in vivo and vitro immunization with a recall antigen in this case tetanus toxoid. • Cellular activation plays a role in iniation and propagation of HIV -1 infection of CD4+ T cells in vitro. • Immunization increased plasma viremia by a factor ranging from 2 to 36 but returned to base line after 6 weeks.
Conclusion (continuation) • Immunization increased the ability to isolate virus from the PBMCs of infected patients. • Hope that results contribute to understand the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease to develop therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.
