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KASHMIR Conflict. Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence 2/3 Muslim 1/3 Hindu Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part of India WATER is main issue Threat of NUCLEAR WAR UN involvement Pakistan blames Indian army India blames Pakistani terrorism.
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KASHMIR Conflict • Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict • 1947: Post-Independence • 2/3 Muslim • 1/3 Hindu • Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu • Chose to stay part of India • WATER is main issue • Threat of NUCLEAR WAR • UN involvement • Pakistan blames Indian army • India blames Pakistani terrorism
Women in India • Traditional gender roles: • esp. middle class women • Indian mythology idolizes motherhood • Working women still expected to do housework • Marriages traditionally arranged • Today couples have more say • Newspaper/internet ads • Dowries sometimes to groom’s family • Brides family pays for wedding • Typically moves in with groom’s family • Bottom of family hierarchy • Must listen to mother-in-law • Status rises once a son is born
Women Rituals • Bonula: • Andhra Pradesh region • Women carry a series of pots filled with specific foods to take to temple for the Mother Goddess (fertility rite) • Henna: • Hand and feet decorations for weddings • Diwali (festival of lights) • Oil lamps lit everywhere • Special meals • Mother Earth sent light as a symbol of her sacrifice when her tyrant son was killed
BOLLYWOOD • India’s movie industry • Mix of Bombay and Hollywood • Mumbai (formerly Bombay) • Over 1000 movies a year • Hollywood 600 • Why Popular? • Culturally appealing • HUGE international audience • Wholesome • Musicals are popular • Popular films: • Bride and Prejudice • Monsoon Wedding • Lagaan
Bollywood • Themes and characteristics: • Romance/Love conquers all • Romeo & Juliet like (why?) • Impossible dreams • Exotic locations • Multiple costumes • Extravagant and melodramatic • India-Pakistan conflict • Loss of family/home • Avoids sexual content • Dance scenes
Famous Bollywood actors Director: Yash Chopra Shah Rukh Khan Aishwarya Rai Amir Khan
Conflict in SRI LANKA • Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict • post-colonial conflict • Sinhalese (language) • majority (74% pop.) • control gov’t • better land • gov’t preference • university preference • Buddhist • Tamils (language) • Minority (18% pop.) • Hindu • Mid-1980s: • Pogroms against Tamils erupted
Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict • 1987-89 Civil War • Tamil Tigers (LTTE) • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam • guerilla warfare • 1989: mini-state i/t north • JVP (People Liberation Front) • Janatha Virmukthi Peramuna • Sinhala militia that fought the Sri Lankan Army • Communists • Sri Lankan Army • created “secret death squads” against JVP and LTTE members • Indians • Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) • captured LTTE headquarters • 1991: RAJIV GANDHI assassinated