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Genetic Introduction

Genetic Introduction. Peterson, Science IN Science Textbook Page 104 - 109. Genetics. Genetics – the study of heredity Heredity – passing of traits from parents to offspring What were Mendel’s contribution to science? Mendelian Laws of Inheritance. Genetics.

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Genetic Introduction

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  1. Genetic Introduction Peterson, Science IN Science Textbook Page 104 - 109

  2. Genetics • Genetics – the study of heredity • Heredity – passing of traits from parents to offspring • What were Mendel’s contribution to science? • Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

  3. Genetics • A chromosome is a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material. • A typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes, but a sex cell has 23 chromosomes. • A process called meiosis produces these sex cells with half the amount of chromosomes as the normal body cells. 46 chromosomes (diploid) 1 parent cell 23 chromosomes (haploid) 4 sex cells

  4. Genetics • One sex cell from a male (sperm) and one from a female (egg) meet during fertilization. • The cell that is formed during fertilization is called a zygote. Is this animal a human? It is actually a lion…

  5. Genetics • As the development occurs, the cells in the zygote divide to make more cells during mitosis. • Every day, your body makes copies of these same cells for growth and repair. • Examples of times you need cells from mitosis include: • Healing a cut or broken bone • After a surgery • Growing • Replacing skin cells…

  6. Genetics • Each cell in your body has the following parts: Chromosomes: rod-like strands of DNA found in the nucleus Cell Genes: factors that control what traits are passed on, a section of DNA DNA: molecule that stores and passes on genetic information, coils make up chromosomes Alleles: forms of a gene--tall or short, green or yellow) Nucleus

  7. Genetics • Genetic Terms: • Chromosome – long DNA molecule (toothpick) • Gene – small region of a chromosome that holds genetic information (like the colored part of the toothpick) • Trait – observable characteristic (like tall or short) • Allele – one of two possible forms of a gene. • Genotype – description of individual’s genetic makeup (example = TT, Tt and tt) • Phenotype – description of individual’s physical makeup (example = tall and short)

  8. Genetics • Genetic Terms: • Homozygous – genotype with two identical alleles (true breeding) examples = TT & tt • Heterozygous – genotype with two different alleles (hybrid) example = Tt • Dominant – allele that masks the expression of its partner. • Recessive – allele that is masked by the expression of its partner.

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