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cover. Pietro Terna pietro.terna@unito.it Department of Economics and Finance “G.Prato” University of Torino - Italy The co-evolution of enterprise systems and employment structures web.econ.unito.it/terna web.econ.unito.it/terna/jes. _jES → jES O F.

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  1. cover Pietro Ternapietro.terna@unito.it Department of Economics and Finance “G.Prato” University of Torino - Italy The co-evolution of enterprise systems and employment structures web.econ.unito.it/terna web.econ.unito.it/terna/jes SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  2. _jES→jES O F _______________________________________ jES jES O F _______________________________________ SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  3. jVE→jES From jES … java Enterprise Simulator http://www.flightgear.org/ … to jES Open Foundation to simulate multi-model frameworks of system of units or agents SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  4. _jES basics _______________________________________ jESbasics _______________________________________ SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  5. WD, DW, WDW Three formalisms WD side or formalism: What to Do DW side or formalism:whichisDoingWhat WDW formalism: When Doing What SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  6. A dictionary dictionary unit = a productive structure; a unit is able to perform one of the steps required to accomplish an order order = the object representing a good to be produced; an order contains technical information (the recipe describing the production steps) recipe = a sequence of steps to be executed to produce a good SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  7. _A flexible scheme _______________________________________ A flexible scheme in jES Open Foundation _______________________________________ SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  8. DW: a flexible scheme DW Units … 2 1 3 1 4 … on a toroidal space 2 1 Each unit is able to do a specific step … 5 (left and right borders and top and bottom ones are close together) 3 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  9. WD: recipes WD … of a recipe with the recipes of the orders (what to do) expressed as sequences of numbers; orders with recipes are randomly generated with different lengths and structures or“distilled” from a sequence of predetermined events 1 3 2 4 5 3 4 3 5 1 1 … SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  10. moving recipes DW and WD moving around among units 2 13 2 4 1 3 1 132 4 4 2 1 324 ? 1 1 3 24 5 3 lack of visibility Visibility is a metaphorical representation of trustiness and cooperation in a social network; when global visibility increases, we have more “social capital” SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  11. visibility and … Visibility increases with the time (initial visibility is randomly chosen) • new units appear randomly or in a planned way (enterprise creation) • with strategic relationships … • … or alone visibility changes some units are dropped out SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  12. … bars The left (blue) bar of each unit reports the number of waiting orders (do be done) The right (red) bar of each unit reports the number of unsent products, due to the fact that a unit able to do the required step does not exist or is not visible The down (grey) bar of each unit reports the number of consecutive clock ticks in which the unit has been idle If >maxInactivity the unit is dropped out and all unsent products are lost If >maxUnsentProducts the unit is dropped out and all unsent and waiting products are lost SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  13. jES Open Foundation jES Open Foundation recipe generator or distiller recipe generator or distiller each unit owns a public matrix each unit owns a public matrix recipes recipes many levels The system uses only simple recipes containing computational steps applied to unit matrixes and to general matrixes recipe generator or distiller built in a parametric way by the Observer each unit owns a public matrix recipes recipe generator or distiller each unit owns a public matrix recipes SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  14. Memory matrixes data are reported in a text file (unitData/memoryMatrixes.txt) memory matrixes number(from_0_ordered)_rows_cols 0 2 3 1 3 5 2 4 1 3 3 1 Mandatory first line SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  15. Recipes with computations time specification: seconds computational steps 1/2 External format (remember: step, time specification, time): 1 s 1 c 1999 3 0 1 3 2 s 2 3 s 2 1 s 1 c 1998 1 0 5 s 2 1 s 1 c 1998 1 1 6 s 2 1 s 1 c 1998 1 3 7 s 2 step in recipe a step with computation: step 2, requiring 2 seconds, involves computation 1999 with 3 matrixes (those numbered 0, 1, 3 in the previous Figure) time in seconds a step with computation: step 7, requiring 2 seconds, involves computation 1998 with 1 matrix (that numbered 3 in the previous Figure) Intermediate format (remember: each step is repeated for each unit of time): Computational steps SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  16. The Java Swarm code used by the recipes with the example code c 1998 computational steps 2/2 /** computational operations with code -1998 (a code for the checking * phase of the program * * this computational code place a number in position 0,0 of the * unique received matrix and set the status to done */ public void c1998(){ mm0=(MemoryMatrix) pendingComputationalSpecificationSet. getMemoryMatrixAddress(0); layer=pendingComputationalSpecificationSet. getOrderLayer(); mm0.setValue(layer,0,0,1.0); mm0.print(); done=true; } // end c1998 Computational steps, Java code SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  17. _ preys-predators _______________________________________ preys-predators _______________________________________ SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  18. recipes simple spreadsheets SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  19. sequences simple spreadsheets SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  20. units unit_#___prod.phase_# 1 1 unit_#___prod.phase_# 1001 1001 text files unit_#___prod.phase_# 2001 2001 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  21. Tutorial, step3b / time 278, look at the complex codetermination of grass, preys and predators preys-predators 1/5 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  22. Tutorial, step3b / time 744, another codetermined configuration preys-predators 2/5 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  23. Tutorial, step3b / time 1056, another codetermined configuration preys-predators 3/5 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  24. Tutorial, step3b / time 1648, another codetermined configuration preys-predators 4/5 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  25. Tutorial, step3b / time 3448, predators disappeared at 2132, now we have a simplified two stage model preys-predators 5/5 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  26. _ workers-skills-firms 1/3 _______________________________________ workers-skills-firms _______________________________________ SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  27. The environment is a social space with metaphorical distances representing trustiness and cooperation among production units (the social capital). The production is represented by a sequence of orders; each order contains a recipe, i.e. the description of the sequence of activities to be done by several units to complete a specific production. • Two units can cooperate in the production process only if they are mutually visible in our social network. • Units that do not receive a sufficient quantity of orders, as well as the ones that cannot send the accomplished orders to successive units, disappear. • New enterprises continuously arise, in the attempt of filling the holes of our social network. A complex structure emerges from our environment, with a difficult and instable equilibrium whenever the social capital is not sufficient. _ workers-skills-firms 2/3 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  28. In a parallel way, other layers of the economic structure can evolve, always in an agent base perspective: banking system, employment structures, … • In this model the focus is related to employment: when an enterprise produces a good, the sequence of the activities must match the presence of working units with the required skills. In this context a fine grain description of the steps in the recipes is needed. • Adequate labor units can be lacking, thus fostering the emergence of competition among production units in the hiring process. • Products change over time; as a consequence, productions units and labor skills have to adapt continuously, with co-evolutionary effects. _ workers-skills-firms 3/3 SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  29. Version 0, no links between firms and workers SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  30. Version 1, new workers with skills equal to that of their neighbors SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  31. Version 2, new workers with skills randomly distributed in the stratum space SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  32. Version 3, new workers with skills equal to that of their neighbors, but arising in unequal quantities SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  33. Version 4, new workers with skills randomly distributed in the stratum space, but arising in unequal quantities SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

  34. pietro.terna@unito.it web.econ.unito.it/terna web.econ.unito.it/terna/jes SwarmFest, ISI Foundation & Department of Economics and Finance, University of Torino

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