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Understanding Atomic Structure: Key Concepts and Theories

Learn about Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Niels Bohr, and more in this review of atomic theory. Understand subatomic particles, isotopes, and atomic structure.

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Understanding Atomic Structure: Key Concepts and Theories

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  1. Fun in B208! • Test review Chapter 4

  2. Democritus thought that matter was made of tiny particles • a. of earth, air, fire, and water. • b.that could not be divided. • c.that could be divided. • d. that were all round and smooth.

  3. Which of the following is NOT part of John Dalton’s atomic theory? • a. All elements are composed of atoms. • b. All atoms of the same element have the same mass. • c. Atoms contain subatomic particles. • d. A compound contains atoms of more than one element.

  4. John Dalton’s model of the atom states • a. a tiny, solid sphere with an unpredictable mass for a given element • b. a hollow sphere with a dense nucleus • c. a tiny, solid sphere with predictable mass for a given element • d. a sphere that is hollow throughout

  5. J.J. Thomson’s experiments proved that an atom • a. is the smallest particle of matter. • b. has a negative charge. • c. contains negatively charged particles. • d. has a positive charge.

  6. In Rutherfords experiment, what caused some of the alpha particles to bounce straight back from the gold foil? • a. electrons in the gold atoms • b. other alpha particles • c. negative charges in the gold atoms • d. nuclei in the gold atoms

  7. In Niels Bohr’s model of the atom, electrons move • a. like balls rolling down a hill. • b. like popcorn in a popcorn popper. • c. like planets orbiting the sun. • d. like beach balls on water waves.

  8. Bohr’s model has _______ move in fixed orbits around the nucleus. • A. neutrons • B. electrons • C. protons • D. atomic mass number

  9. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? • a. electron • b. neutron • c. alpha particle • d. proton

  10. Which statement about subatomic particles is true? • a. Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass. • b. Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass. • c. Neutrons have no charge and no mass. • d. An electron has far less mass than either a proton or neutron.

  11. Which of the following is unique for any given element? • a. the number of neutrons • b. the number of protons • c. the charge on the electrons • d. the mass of a neutron

  12. The number of protons in one atom of an element is that element’s • a. mass number. • b. atomic number. • c. balanced charge. • d. isotope.

  13. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract • a. mass number from atomic number. • b. atomic number from electron number. • c. atomic number from mass number. • d. isotope number from atomic number.

  14. The nuclei of isotopes contain different numbers of _________. • A. neutrons • B. electrons • C. protons • D. atomic mass number

  15. The atomic number refers to the number of _____ in an atom. • A. neutrons • B. electrons • C. protons • D. atomic mass number

  16. The atomic mass refers to the number of _____&_____ . • A. neutrons • B. electrons • C. protons • D. atomic mass number

  17. Complete the table. Sodium - 24 11 13 11 3 4 3 Lithium - 7 13 14 13 Aluminum - 27

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