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Basics of Computers: Classification, Applications, advantages and Limitations.

Basics of Computers: Classification, Applications, advantages and Limitations. Chapter 2. Classification of computers. Computers based on technology. Digital computer :- using only 0’s and 1’s. 8 bits called a byte. 2. Analog computer :- values keep changing with time.

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Basics of Computers: Classification, Applications, advantages and Limitations.

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  1. Basics of Computers: Classification, Applications, advantages and Limitations. Chapter 2

  2. Classification of computers

  3. Computers based on technology • Digital computer:- • using only 0’s and 1’s. 8 bits called a byte. 2. Analog computer:- • values keep changing with time. • Data may be in voltages, frequencies, temperature etc. E.g. Speedometer 3. Hybrid Computer:-It works as digital and analog computers so, it is called analog-digital computer. • Accepts analog signals and converts into digital

  4. Computers for organization • Micro Computer:- • It is powerful, easy maintenance, low cost. It is the most common type of PC and commonly called as desktop. • Size is small • Less storage • The length of lines in the range 8-32 bits • E.g.: IBM PC, PS/2 2. Mini computer:- • Capabilities between main frame and micro computers. • So, called mid-range computers. Word length is 32 bits • It is used by small and mid-size business organizations.

  5. Computers for organization 3. Main frame computer:- • more powerful than micro computers • word length size is 48,60 or 64 bits • high processing speeds and • can store large amounts of data • used in research organizations, large industries, and large business and government organizations • They need more electricity • E.g.: IBM 3000 series, UNIVAC 1180

  6. Computers for organization 4. Super computers:- • used for scientific and engineering applications. • Word length is 64-96 bit. • They can have very large data bases(uses more data). • They can do one trillion operations per second. • Used in the field of science and defense, designing and launching missiles, weather forecasting, biomedical research • Highest speed • E.g: CRAY-3, HITAC S-300

  7. Classification of Memory

  8. 1. Primary memory • directly used by the CPU . • very fast. • Volatile memory: The memory that loses its contents when the computer is turned off.(RAM) • Since the CPU can read or write the data to the memory they called as read-write memories. • Eg. RAM (Random Access Memory): It is temporary memory. • Non volatile memory: store data permanently. • E.g. ROM (Read Only Memory): The information stored in it can be only be read.

  9. 2. Secondary Memory • Its is the permanent memory which stores large amount of information for a long time • It’s also called back up memory or auxiliary memory. • E.g. Floppy disc, hard disc, CD drive, DVD drive, DivX drive • Uses Magnetic property, magneto –optical property, optical property, solid state memory

  10. 3. Cache memory • It’s a high speed memory between CPU and main memory. • higher speed • It stores data and instructions that are currently to be executed

  11. Computer Applications 1. Science:-Used by scientists to analyze large quantity of data • to analyze the effect of earthquake • for satellite launching and remote controlling. 2. Education:-E-Learning. Computers are used for teaching

  12. Computer Applications 3. Medicine and Health:- • Diagnosing the illness using the computer images and results; they know cause of the disease (scan,x-ray) 4. Engineering/Architecture/Manufacturing:- • for planning, designing and drawing the layouts for house, roads, dams etc. 5. Communication:- • send and receive e-mails, e-shopping, e-banking, e-commerce, e-learning etc.

  13. Computer Applications 6. Business and banking:- • For administrative purposes, preparing salary bills. • Used in banking, insurance sectors and marketing • for online payments and transactions, publishing etc. • Online business

  14. Computer Applications 7. Governments:- • Used for weather forecasting, in military, satellite launching and controlling, communication, e-government etc. • For police force to search for the information on criminals, crime scenes, driving licenses etc. 8. Entertainment:- • Used in music industry, games etc. • Computer animation and colorful graphics with multimedia effect.

  15. Advantages/Merits of computers 1. Speed:- very high speed and Speed is measured in MIPS and BIPS. 2. Accuracy:-The results are very correct. 3. Reliability:-It gives correct and consistent result always 4. Storage capability:- store large amounts of data 5. Versatility:- can do different types of jobs 6. Diligence:- it won’t get tired

  16. Disadvantages/De-Merits of computers • Non-Intelligent:- • It just do the given operations. • It does not think. • It does not possess any intelligent for analyzing the problem. 2. Inactive:- • if No power supply, it won’t work.

  17. End of Chapter 2

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