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Wireless Technologies and Mobile IP

Wireless Technologies and Mobile IP. Packet Data Services. 0936_03F8_c2 NW98_US_113. Digital PCS Wireless Data. GPRS = General Packet Radio Service the GSM packet data standard Provides access to Internet via TCP/IP Carrier owned fixed IP addressing Example: Alcatel

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Wireless Technologies and Mobile IP

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  1. Wireless Technologies and Mobile IP Packet DataServices 0936_03F8_c2 NW98_US_113

  2. Digital PCS Wireless Data • GPRS = General Packet Radio Service the GSM packet data standard • Provides access to Internet via TCP/IP • Carrier owned fixed IP addressing • Example: Alcatel • Mobile IP = CDG proposed CDMA packet data standard • Provides access to Internet and Intranet • Carrier-based and destination-based addressing • Example: Qualcomm

  3. Mobile IP Enables Seamless Connectivity to and from the Home Network Conferences Home Internet ISP Access through the Internet Dial Hotel Commuting Meeting Rooms LANs and VLANs Cellular or Mobile

  4. Mobility Solutions that need to be Bigger than an Enterprise… PSTN Internet • Dial-in solutions help where there are phone lines • Wireless technologies can be used where there are no wires

  5. Old Circuit Switched Model Great as a Static Connectivity Solution, PPP Allows Address Assignment, Authentication, Bandwidth Negotiation/Aggregation (V.110 For GSM) Service Provider Internet Disadvantages: Circuit Based, No Mobility, Charging Based on Connected Time, Not Data Exchanged for Wireless

  6. Evolution of Data Services The Packet Switching Data Component of GSM GPRS GSM Some Effort to Do Circuit Switched Data Today CDMA Mobile IP Packet Switching For Data Built-in Other Cellular Some AMPS and Non-AMPS Cellular Systems Have Packet Ability Today Cellular Systems Are Moving Toward Support for Packet Data. This Is the Foundation for Mobile IP

  7. Packet-Based Data Allows • True Mobility—Not tied to a circuit • Always on and always connected • Without continuous airtime charges • Billing based on packets sent, reflecting real resources used • With Mobile IP: • The ability to tie into the home network and the Internet • Roaming while retaining connectivity and identity

  8. Mobile IP is the Solution for Wireless Connectivity • Transparent interoperability with all other hosts • Mobile always reachable at the same IP address • Only the Home Agent needs to know the mobile’s location • All other routers do normal forwarding

  9. Mobile IP • The IETF proposed standard solution for mobility at layer 3 • RFCs 2002–2006 define the functionality • Protocol works over any intermediate media • Movement is transparent to hosts who communicate with the mobile user • No IP address changes are needed to allow mobility

  10. Overview: Mobile IP Functionality ISP Internet HA MN Mobile IP forms a Layer 3 Tunnel from a Home Agent (HA) to the Mobile Node (MN), which can continue to use its Home Address to receive IP Datagrams

  11. Mobile IP: Registration IDRP: Agent Advertisement: Lifetime, Type, Services MN MN HA FA IDRP: Agent Solicitation: Lifetime, Services • Care-of or co-located addresses • Agree on services • Register with the home agent Registration MN

  12. Mobile IP: Packet Forwarding Correspondent Host Home Agent Foreign Agent Mobile Node Traffic is sent as usual to the Home Subnet. The Home Agent intercepts the traffic while the Mobile Node is registered as away. Traffic is Tunneled to its current location. Traffic from the Mobile Node can go directly to the Correspondent Host

  13. MN MN Mobile IP: True Mobility, Transparent Roaming Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 FA MN FA 10.31.3.1 10.31.2.1 HA FA 10.31.1.1 FA/MN Register with the HA

  14. MN MN MN Mobile IP: True Mobility, Transparent Roaming Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 MN realizes it has moved to a network with a New FA MN Registers with this New FA FA MN FA 10.31.3.1 10.31.2.1 HA FA 10.31.1.1 When the MN Moves it Re-Registers via its New FA

  15. 10.31.2.1 MN MN Mobile IP: True Mobility, Re­Registration When the new Registration is received, a new COA is installed in the HA Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 FA MN FA 10.31.3.1 10.31.2.1 HA No Change Is Propagated to Correspondents FA New Data Path Old Data Path 10.31.1.1 The Movement Is Transparent to all Other Devices

  16. Registration Options • GRE and IPinIP tunneling • Care-of and co-located address • Registration lifetime • Reverse tunneling • Authentication • Tunneling of broadcast packets

  17. The Challenges of Mobility Urgent Email Security! Stock Quotes Connectivity! Direction Updates Scalability! Sales Quotes • Can push data reach you? • How do you access your home network? • Can you ensure user identity? • What happens when you move? • Can you get though your firewall?

  18. Scalability for Mobile IP • Single tunnel between HA’s and FA’s used for all MN traffic • Off-loading of the keys to a AAA server • Reverse tunneling to traverse firewalls to enter the home network

  19. Authentication in Mobile IP MN UDP Header MobileIP Registration MH Auth Extension FH Auth Extension IP Header FA IP Header UDP Header MobileIP Registration MHO Auto Extension FH Auth Extension Mobile Node to Home Agent Foreign Agent to Home Agent* Foreign Agent to Mobile Node* (* Optional) HA

  20. Other Security in Mobile IP • Registration filters: • Filters on the Foreign Agent • Limit the MN’s allowed to register • Limit the HA’s it can register with • Filters on the Home Agent • Limit the MN’s allowed to register • Limit the FA’s allowed to register • Reverse tunnels: • Enable firewall traversal for ingress filters • Allow for bi-directional routing • Encryption: • Cisco’s network layer encryption

  21. Home Agent Redundancy HA FA Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 HA • Based on HSRP • Enables back-up in the case of a failure • Ensures mobility bindings stay in sync

  22. Providing Connectivity in a Wireless Network FA FA FA HA HA Service Providers Offering Mobility to Users within the Wireless Network FA

  23. VLR HLR AUC EIR GW Wireless Internet Architecture Fully Digital/Packet Switch BSC MSC Internet CorporateInternet GW Service Provider

  24. VLR HLR AUC EIR Mobile Internet Digital Link Layer BSC MSC Internet CorporateInternet Service Provider Proxy/Cache Servers

  25. VLR HLR AUC EIR Mobile Intranet Architecture Cisco IOSTM Data Mobility Solution with MobileIP Home Agent (HA) and Foreign Agent (HA) Support Digital Link Layer Secured Access for Mobility Extended Corporate Intranets BSC MSC HA Internet CorporateInternet FA Service Provider Proxy/Cache Servers

  26. FA FA FA Mobile Intranet Architecture Cisco IOS Mobility Architecture Is Applicable to Various Wireless and Non-Wireless Technologies HA CorporateInternet Internet Proxy/Cache Servers

  27. Business Applications • Wireless LAN • Fixed LAN BS FA HA CorporateInternet Internet

  28. Application and Network Roles • Flexible choice of connectivity solution based on services and cost • Cisco IOSTM software with Mobile IP provides network services layer to application • Applications can be made network aware to best utilize network services Network Aware Applications Network Services Mobile IP CDMA WLL GPRS xDSL Satellite LAN GSM W LAN W-CDMA

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  30. Business Planning & Network Evolution Impact for GPRS Glenn SelboStrategic Marketing Dr. Payam TaagholAdvanced Technology, EMEA GPRS ConferenceGSM Association London22 August 2000

  31. Carrier Market Data Subs % of Base • Germany 175K 1.3% • UK 200K 2.4% • China 200K 2% • US 280-420k 4-6% Source: Herschel Shosteck June 2000 Mobile Data Penetration • Mobile data has yet to deliver on hype • Making WAP service easier to access won’t make services better • Users reacting to over-hyped wireless web claims • Packet networks imply major changes to billing support systems, tariffs, and support structure

  32. 13,441 (as of May 00) 16,000 14,000 10,314 (as of 13 Aug) 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 - Aug Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 i-mode subscribers Content Providers Lessons from NTT DoCoMo • Packet-based - always on, always connected • Subscription, volume and transaction-based pricing • Content driving subscriber growth Source: NTT

  33. 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 GSM 2+ 3G Projected GPRS Evolution • Significant growth opportunity through 2003 • Growth to be driven by availability of applications • Stepping stone to 3G network services Western Europe Mobile Subscribers

  34. Location Services 15% Online Banking 15% Internet Access 13% Information Services 10% E-mail, Fax,V-mail 30% Mobile Office 7% Telemetry 5% Telematics 1% Games 3% Payments 1% Applications Drive Opportunity • Global GSM Mobile Data service revenues are projected to approach $6.5 billion by 2002 Source: INRA-Telcobus, ISM-Survey, ICN MCM 12 Analysis

  35. 1 k 10 k 100 k 1,000 10,000 Service Impact on Capacity Planning • Additional bandwidth, infrastructure and improvements in QoS guarantees will be required to support new services Full Motion Video Video Conferencing Image and Graphics Multi-Media Web Browsing File Transfers Email w/Attach. M-Commerce Portable Computing Functionality Web Queries Simple Email Instant Messaging SMS Interactive Data Broadcasting 1 Way Paging Alert Data Rate

  36. The Case for GPRS/3G • As a result of varying market characteristics, the case for moving to 2.5 and 3G varies on a carrier-by-carrier basis • How much investment is already in the ground • How much spectrum is available • What is the composition of the carriers subscriber base • Operators need for differentiation • An integrated approach will yield the highest-value results BUSINESS PLAN MARKET PLAN DEPLOYMENT PLAN BUSINESS PLAN MARKET PLAN DEPLOYMENT PLAN Services proposal Market characteristics Real estate issues 3 3 3 Services proposal Market characteristics Real estate issues 3 3 3 Addressable market Demographics Long haul transport 3 3 3 Addressable market Demographics LOS considerations 3 3 3 Available spectrum Target markets Interconnection 3 3 3 Available spectrum Topography and Long haul transport 3 3 3 Competition Technology selection Spectrum depth 3 3 3 Competition clutter Interconnection Spectrum depth 3 3 3 Critical success Deployment timetable Prioritization 3 3 3 Critical success Technology selection Target markets 3 3 3 factors Service schedule Opportunity Index 3 3 factors Deployment timetable Opportunity Index 3 3 Technology Selection 3 Technology Selection 3 GIS input 3 Service schedule GIS input 3 3 Pricing/Economics 3 Pricing/Economics 3 Technology Selection 3 Vendor Selection 3 Prioritization 3

  37. Network Impact of GPRS

  38. GPRS: A Packet Data Overlay for GSM circuit switched Visited MSC/VLR Gateway MSC PSTN ISDN HLR BSS PCU Internet Mobile DTE Serving GSN Gateway GSN Intranet PSPDN packet switched: GPRS BSS Base Station System GSN GPRS Support Node HLR Home Location Register VLR Visitor Location Register PCU Packet Control Unit

  39. GPRS – Great Expectations High Data rates of 28-115 kbps Spectral Efficiency Internet Awareness; End-to-end IP delivery Multimedia Applications Quality of Service

  40. GPRS Performance • GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources • In congested cells with a high number of GSM voice users the TRUE GPRS throughput or data rate may be significantly less than that of the predicted • GPRS on the other hand can deliver the SMS traffic more efficiently thereby taking the load off GSM network • The true performance would vary from country to country and from network to network

  41. Mobile Terminated GPRS Calls • It is very likely that the first generation GPRS will not support Mobile Terminated GPRS • GPRS would have to provide IP delivery as internet services would probably be the main services used over GPRS • In this case a service provider would not be able to charge for content delivery • If they do so, the user might have to pay for delivery of unauthorised content such as advertisement or Junk email

  42. GPRS Improvements HIGHER USER RATES via Air-IF using TRAFFIC CHANNEL COMBINING and NEW CODING SCHEMES Visited MSC/VLR Gateway MSC PSTN Mobile DTE ISDN HIGHER USER RATES to Data networks HLR / GR BSS PCU Internet Serving GSN Gateway GSN Intranet PSPDN DIRECT ACCESS TO INTERNET / PACKET DATA NETWORK IMPROVED SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY by multiplexing onto the same Resources PACKET SWITCHED BACKBONE NETWORK

  43. WCDMA Evolution 384 kbps 384 - 2048 kbps EDGE EGPRS GPRS WCDMA Phase I 9 ~ 60 kbps HSCSD 144 - 384 kbps 9.6 - 28.8 kbps GSM Data 9.6 kbps 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Time The Evolutionary Path

  44. Migrating Internet Services to Wireless August 22, 2000 Michael D. Smith Mobile Internet Applications Nokia Networks

  45. Mobile vs. Fixed Subscribers (worldwide) 120100806040200 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Telephone Cable Millions of Users Radio TV Internet 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 1998 1930 1965 1980 1920 1945 1950 1960 1970 1975 1985 1990 1925 1935 1940 1955 1995 Data vs. Voice Traffic (worldwide) Mobile Fixed Bits in the operator networks Data Voice 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 The Market is Changing “There will be more Mobile Terminals on the Internet than PCs, by 2003” Sources : Nokia, ITU, Dataquest, EMC, Global Mobile

  46. Portals drive the information access...

  47. Europe is leading the way…. Forrester Predicts That One in Three Europeans Will Access the Net Via Mobile Phone by 2004 AMSTERDAM, Netherlands--(BUSINESS WIRE) via NewsEdge Corporation --Europe stands on the brink of a revolution in Internet access. By 2004, one-third of all Europeans -- more than 219 million consumers -- will regularly use their mobile phones to access Internet services according to a new Report from Forrester Research B.V. (Nasdaq:FORR). Although the sites that will host these services are already being built, it remains unclear whether mobile operators will provide free and open access to these sites. Europeans lead the world in mobile phone use, with more than 117 million people in the EU carrying mobile phones. Many of these phones are already being used for data -- Europeans pass more than 2 billion short message service (SMS) messages a month to chat and read sports scores. These two factors, plus the introduction of wireless application protocol (WAP) phones, will vault Europe into the lead for mobile Internet access. (continues….) dated: 1999-12-16

  48. 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Mobile Internet Outlook Millions Projected cellular subscribers (Nokia 1999) More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet by the end of 2003 ! Projected Web handsets (Nokia 1999) Projected PCs connected to the Internet (Dataquest 10/98)

  49. Standards: Mobile Network Evolution -GSM example GSM UMTS (3G) HSCSD GPRS EDGE Year: 2000 2001 2002 2003

  50. WIRELESS PORTAL ACCESS NETWORK MOBILE TERMINALS Battle for the position in value chain service control is created here PRE-PACKAGED CONTENT

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