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Types of territoriality

Types of territoriality. State Ethnic Religious Racial Fears of “Balkanization” (splitting state) But common defiance of outsiders. Pan-isms (Uniting same group from different states) Ethnic: Pan-Arab, Pan-Kurdish Religious: Pan-Islamic Racial: Pan-African

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Types of territoriality

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  1. Types of territoriality State Ethnic Religious Racial Fears of “Balkanization” (splitting state) But common defiance of outsiders

  2. Pan-isms (Uniting same group from different states) Ethnic: Pan-Arab, Pan-Kurdish Religious: Pan-Islamic Racial: Pan-African States: Pan-American

  3. Kurds Ethnic group in Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria. Many Kurds for state of Kurdistan. States pit Kurds against each other

  4. Iraq Ethnic: Arabs vs. Kurds Religion: Sunnis vs. Shi’as Rulers are Sunni Arab

  5. Iranians Iran-Iraq War, 1980-88 IRAN (Shi’a Persian) vs. IRAQ (Sunni Arab) Yet Iraqi Shi’as fought for Iraq, Iranian Arabs fought for Iran (State territoriality won) Iraqis

  6. Armenia-Azerbaijan War, 1988-94 ARMENIA (Christian) vs. AZERBAIJAN (Shi’a Mulsim) Yet Shi’a Iran stayed neutral, fearing ethnic Azeris in NW Iran (Ethnic territoriality won) Armenian (above) and Azeri views

  7. Kashmir conflict KASHMIR (CHINA) INDIA (Hindu) vs. PAKISTAN (Muslim) PAKISTAN CHINA INDIA British India partitioned into two states, 1948. Kashmir had Muslim majority but Hindu ruler. Wars split Kashmir between India, Pakistan, and China (all now have nukes) Indian and Pakistani propaganda maps

  8. Mediterranean Sea Nile River

  9. British Palestine 1918-48 Arab ethnic majority Jewish religious minority grew in 1940s

  10. UN Partition Plan, 1948 • Jewish State (Israel) • Arab State (Palestine) • International Zone • (Jerusalem)

  11. Israeli Jews vs. Palestinians. other Arabs

  12. Israeli Settlements and Palestinian towns in the West Bank, 2000 Israeli settlers see as historic Jewish homeland Palestinians compare illegal settlements to Apartheid

  13. Israel Zionism: Jewish (religious) territoriality Israelis are multiethnic European, Middle Eastern, Newer Russian, Ethiopian immigrants Arab Israeli minority

  14. Palestinians (in West Bank and Gaza Strip) Arab (ethnic) territoriality Palestinians are multireligious Muslims and Christians Ethnic nationalist movement, but some newer Muslim groups

  15. Water & Israel’s border

  16. Palestinian autonomy, 2000 Gradual turnover of Israeli- Occupied areas to Palestinians for “Two-State Solution” Plan collapsing as killings increase

  17. Wall, Barrier or New Border? Israelis: “Security Barrier” to keep bombers out of Israel. Palestinians: “ Wall” isolates villages, cuts water access

  18. Jerusalem: Holy City to Jews, Muslims, and Christians

  19. Jerusalem West (Israeli); East (Arab) with Israeli settlements

  20. Palestinian and Israeli propaganda maps Israeli map lumping together Arab states; depicting tiny defenseless Israel Palestinian map without Israel

  21. Cold War propaganda map: “Red menace”

  22. View of Communist “Red Bloc” during Cold War Lumping failed to recognize differences among Communists, or local causes of conflict

  23. “Clash of Civilizations” theory Samuel Huntington theory of Western, Islamic, Slavic, etc. “blocs” in conflict with each other.

  24. “Clash of Civilizations” theory Fails to recognize differences within each “bloc.” Most sources of conflict are local (often ethnic), not religious. Often blames the victim for the conflict. The West shares responsibility for conflicts (military aid arms both sides)

  25. Lumping Arabs or Muslims after Sept. 11

  26. How Many Americans View the World

  27. Cartoon: Bush’s View of the World Problem: some former allies later seen as “evil”

  28. GEOPOLITICS State’s power to control territory, shape international policy and other states’ foreign policy

  29. Growth of Russian Empire

  30. African colonies

  31. Decolonization, 1940s-1990s

  32. Divide-and-conquer Berlin Conference divides map of Africa, 1884 Ethnic nations split between and within colonial empires (British, French, Russian) But “clean” ethnic boundaries also not possible

  33. Mackinder’s Heartland Theory (Whoever controls Pivot Area can control the world) The “Great Game” between Britain and Russia, 1800s-1900s

  34. Enlargement of Soviet bloc after World War II Berlin Wall, 1961-89

  35. NATO and Warsaw Pact, 1945-89

  36. Changes in Europe, 1990-93

  37. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2002 Kosovo military zones

  38. European Union euro Began as European Economic Community (EEC), 1957. Stronger in 1994 10 new members to join, 2004

  39. United Nations member states Switzerland 2002

  40. Other international alliances

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