Bell Work 1/29

2. Bell Work 1/29 • Please read the instructions on your table to figure out “How many drops of Water you can fit on a penny”. • When you are finished I want you to Explain the results of the experiment in terms of SURFACE TENSION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Today you will be able to: -EXPLAIN how pressure, temperature and volume are related in gases - IDENTIFY energy increases/decreases in phase changes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HOMEWORK - Visit the science website to view the study sheet - Study for the TEST on THURSDAY

3. Lesson 1-3 Liquids(cont.) • Molecules at the surface of a liquid have surface tension, the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid. • The surface tension of water enables certain insects to walk on the surface of a lake.

4. Lesson 1-3 Liquids(cont.) Viscosity is a measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow. Scott Thomas/Getty Images Dr. Parvinder Sethi

5. Lesson 1-3 Liquids • A liquid is matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. • Liquids flow and can take the shape of their containers.

6. Lesson 1-2 Solids • A solid is matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. • The attractive forces between the particles in a solid are strong and pull them close together.

7. Lesson 1-2 Solids(cont.) • Different particle arrangements give materials different properties. • A diamond is a crystalline solid with particles arranged in a specific, repeating order. Charcoal is an amorphous solid with randomly arranged particles.

8. Lesson 1-4 Gases • A gas is matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape. • Compared to the particles in the solid and the liquid states, the particles in gases are far apart.

9. Lesson 1-4 Gases(cont.) • In a gas, the forces of attraction between the particles are not strong enough to keep the particles close together. • Because the particles in gas are moving quickly, the distance between particles increases, and the attractive forces between particles decreases. • The gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature is called vapor.

10. Lesson 3-3 Pressure and Volume When the volume of a container holding gas is greater, the additional space results in fewer collisions and pressure is less.

11. Lesson 3-5 Temperature and Volume(cont.)

12. Lesson 1 – LR2 Compared to a liquid, which best describes the particles of a gas? A. closer together B. farther apart C. slower moving D. tightly packed

13. Lesson 1 – LR3 Which term refers to the gas state of a substance that is a solid at room temperature? A. plasma B. surface tension C. vapor D. viscosity

14. Lesson 1 - Now 1. Particles moving at the same speed make up all matter. 2. The particles in a solid do not move. Do you agree or disagree?

15. Lesson 2-1 Kinetic and Potential Energy(cont.) • Potential energy of particles typically increases as the particle get farther apart. • The farther an object is from Earth’s surface, the greater the gravitational potential energy.

16. Lesson 2-1

17. Lesson 2-2 Thermal Energy • Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of an object. • You can change an object’s state of matter by adding or removing thermal energy. • If enough thermal energy is added or removed from an object, a change of state can occur.

18. Lesson 2-2 Thermal Energy(cont.) How do thermal energy and temperature differ?

19. Lesson 2-3 Solid to Liquid or Liquid to Solid • To change matter from a solid to a liquid, thermal energy must be added. • Once a solid reaches the melting point, additional thermal energy is used by the particles to overcome their attractive forces, the particles move farther apart and potential energy increases.

20. Lesson 2-3 Adding thermal energy to matter causes the particles that make up the matter to increase in kinetic energy, potential energy, or both.

21. Lesson 2-3 Solid to Liquid or Liquid to Solid(cont.) • Freezing is a process that is the opposite of melting. • The temperature at which matter changes from the liquid state to the solid state is its freezing point.

22. Lesson 2-4 Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid • The change in state of a liquid into a gas is vaporization. • Vaporization that occurs within a liquid is called boiling and the temperature at which boiling occurs in a liquid is called its boiling point.

23. Lesson 2-4 At the boiling point, the potential energy of particles begins increasing.

24. Lesson 2-4 Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid(cont.) Evaporation is vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid. evaporation from Latin evaporare, means “disperse in steam or vapor”

25. Lesson 2-4 Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid(cont.) • When a gas loses enough thermal energy, the gas changes to a liquid, or condenses. • The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called condensation.

26. Lesson 2-5 Solid to Gas or Gas to Solid • Sublimation is the change of state from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state. • Deposition is the change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state.

27. Lesson 2-6 States of Water • Water is the only substance that exists naturally as a solid, a liquid, and a gas on Earth. • At 0°C, water molecules vibrate so rapidly that they begin to move out of their places, the particles overcome their attractive forces, and melting occurs.

28. Lesson 2-6 States of Water (cont.) • When water reaches 100°C, the boiling point, liquid water begins to change to water vapor. • Cooling water vapor changes the gas to a liquid, and cooling the water further changes it to ice.

29. Lesson 2-6 States of Water (cont.)

30. Lesson 2-6 Conservation of Mass and Energy When matter changes state, matter and energy are always conserved.

31. Lesson 2 – LR1 Which term refers to the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object? A. thermal energy B. temperature C. sublimation D. evaporation

32. Lesson 2 – LR2 Which substance exists naturally on Earth as a solid, liquid and gas? A. carbon B. carbon dioxide C. salt D. water

33. Lesson 2 – LR3 Which term refers to the change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state? A. sublimation B. evaporation C. deposition D. condensation

34. Chapter Review – MC1 Which term describes a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume? A. gas B. liquid C. solid D. vapor

35. Chapter Review – MC2 Which type of matter has a definite volume and take the shape of its container? A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid

36. Chapter Review – MC3 Which term describes vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid? A. condensation B. evaporation C. sublimation D. vaporization

37. Chapter Review – MC4 What is the melting point of water? A. 0°C B. 10°C C. 100°C D. 1000°C

38. Chapter Review – MC5 Which states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant? A. Boyle’s law B. Charles’s law C. the kinetic molecular theory D. the particle theory of matter

39. Chapter Review – STP1 Which type of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape? A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid

40. Chapter Review – STP2 Which term refers to a measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow? A. viscosity B. vapor C. temperature D. surface tension

41. Chapter Review – STP3 When matter changes state, matter and what else are always conserved? A. energy B. pressure C. temperature D. volume

42. Chapter Review – STP4 Which term describes the energy an object has due to its motion? A. chemical energy B. kinetic energy C. potential energy D. thermal energy

43. Chapter Review – STP5 Which term refers to the amount of force applied per unit of area? A. temperature B. pressure C. potential energy D. kinetic energy