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PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS

PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS. Falalou Hamidou ICRISAT Niger. Third WECARD/CORAF Agricultural Science Week Ndjamena, 14-19 May 2012. Outline. Introduction Research Methods Results and discussions Conclusions. INTRODUCTION.

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PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS

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  1. PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS Falalou Hamidou ICRISAT Niger Third WECARD/CORAF Agricultural Science Week Ndjamena, 14-19 May 2012

  2. Outline • Introduction • Research Methods • Results and discussions • Conclusions

  3. INTRODUCTION • Drought and heat: - crops production constraints - Increase due to climate change - food insecurity, poverty in Sahel • Groundnut: - Sahelian poor-resources farmers - production decreasing - by 2025, yield loss 11-25% and $500 M/Y • Crucial to investigate groundnut response to drought and heat stress • Selection of adapted lines for improving productivity

  4. INTRODUCTION Sadore, Ideal location for screening for drought and heat tolerance

  5. Objectives: Select new sources of Intermittent drought and heat tolerance-Identify tolerance traits Field Lysimetre Pots (Greenhouse) Research Methods • Approach : combine field and control conditions

  6. Methods Intermittent drought: flowering time MT = moderate temperature (rainy season), HT = high temperature (hot off-season), 08-09-10 = 2008, 2009 and 2010 Higher VPD and soil temperature under HT than MT conditions

  7. WW = well-watered WS = water stress WW WS Results and discussions Pod yield of screened groundnut reference collection • Wide genotypic variation under WW and WS • Decrease: 72% in HT, 55% in MT Hamidou et al., 2012. Field Crops Res, 126, 189-199

  8. WS WW Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot: - representation of all Geno and Env, - Env similarity/dissimilarity, - Geno distribution across Env Mega Environments under ww and ws, GxE interaction

  9. WS Specific adaptation: Which won where? Winning geno: - MT08: 46, 205 - MT09: 168, 145 - HT :111, 205 Broad adapted geno - MTHT: 205, 35 Traits/mechanisms DS ≠ DS+HS

  10. Which traits/mechanisms? Partition rate = dry matter partitioned into pods High correlation between pod yield and partition rate under WS conditions Hamidou et al., J. Agro Crop Sci, In press

  11. Contrasting genotypes under different environments and water regimes MT > HT, heat effect on pod formation and/or assimilates remobilization

  12. Ongoing and future research on contrasting lines • Water extraction and reproductive process under drought/heat stress in lysimetric system • QTLs for drought and heat tolerance traits

  13. Conclusions • Genotypic variation for drought and heat tolerance • Pod yield decrease HT>MT • Heat effects on reproductive process in groundnut • GxE interaction exists, investigation of tolerance traits • Partition rate revealed a drought and heat tolerance trait

  14. Acknowledgements • We are grateful to : • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the financial • support (Tropical Legume I project) • CORAF/WECARDfor the financial support to • participate to this Third Agricultural Science Week • Technicians and students of physiology laboratory, • ICRISAT Sadore-Niger

  15. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION MERCI BEAUCOUP

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