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Transport Problems

Transport Problems. Comparison between MDCs & LDCs. The major transport problems. Major urban transport problems in common. 1. increasing commuter traffic & traffic congestion 2. insufficient / substandard public transport service 3. narrow street, inadequate parking space

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Transport Problems

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  1. Transport Problems Comparison between MDCs & LDCs

  2. The major transport problems

  3. Major urban transport problems in common • 1. increasing commuter traffic & traffic congestion • 2. insufficient / substandard public transport service • 3. narrow street, inadequate parking space • 4. traffic accidents & pedestrian safety • 5. air & noise pollution • 6. –ve impacts on urban growth

  4. MDCs: Heavy reliance on automobiles (economic growth) long commuting journey & peak hours (suburbanization) Reduced traffic speeds e.g. < 15 km / hr in many US cities LDCs: - Narrow streets Poor traffic mgt (even animals are found wandering on streets; why?) Poor maintenance of cars: effects? Local, traditional & backward forms of transport e.g. carts, rickshaws 1. increasing commuter traffic & traffic congestion

  5. 2. insufficient / substandard public transport service • LDCs: • Outdated, insufficient and overused • Many unserved areas • Mostly non-powered / man-power vehicles • Inadequate funding • MDCs: • Insufficient public tr. Service to meet the peak-hour demand e.g. Metro in Paris >115% capacity Tokyo rail system >300% of capacity

  6. 3. narrow street, inadequate parking space • LDCs: • Insufficient road surface • MDCs: • More serious (why?) (hint: econ activities & ownership of private cars) - double-parking along roadsides

  7. 4. traffic accidents & pedestrian safety • LDCs: • Many pedestrians on streets (why?) • Pedestrians compete with vehicles on streets • MDCs: • Widening of roads leads to shrinking of pedestrian walkways • Shortening of time of green light crossing for pedestrians

  8. 5. air & noise pollution • MDCs & LDCs: • Use of low-quality fuels / high sulphur content / diesel vehicles • Pollutants: exhaust gases, including CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, lead • effects: smog, acid rain, health problems (respiratory diseases, lung cancer, brain damage, e.g. kid’s IQ in rural vs urban in UK) • Increasing burning of fossil fuels • effects: urban heat island effect, global warming

  9. 6. –ve impacts on urban growth • MDCs & LDCs: • Increase in transport cost • Decrease in productivity • Increase in traffic demand, upsetting dev’t plan e.g. influx of immigrants • Hindering future city growth e.g. inadequate space for comprehensive tr. improvement projects - Lacing proper inter-modal co-ordination

  10. Causes

  11. MDCs Rapid pop. growth (e.g. rural-urban migration, immigrants), high std of living Suburbanization & industrialization Insufficient funding Specialization of functional / spatial segregation of urban land uses (longer work trips) LDCs Rapid pop. growth (e.g. natural increase, rural-urban migration, overurbanization) Primate cities Insufficient funding Lack of public service More mixed land use (live there work there) Major causes

  12. Solutions

  13. solutions • 1. staggered working hours • 2. transport priority measures: e.g. bus-only lanes, traffic lights, yellow junction boxes, restricted time • 3. construction of new roads e.g. ring road in HK & bypasses? • 4. public transport e.g. ‘park and ride’ scheme

  14. solutions • 5. new transport mode • e.g. hybrid car, Euro diesel car • 6. separating traffic and pedestrians e.g. flyovers, pedestrian zone • 7. higher charges e.g. tax on new vehicle purchase, 1st time registration, parking, fuel, electronic road - pricing system

  15. solutions • 8. decentralization of eco. activities e.g. industries, retailing firms from the city centre • 9. education on road safety • e.g. road crossing & drink-driving laws • 10. R&D e.g. cleaner fuels & engines • 11. Better town planning e.g. decentralization, new towns (self-contained communities)

  16. Solution – problem-free? An example of building ring roads & bypasses

  17. Ring roads and bypasses: advantages • Allowing traffic to pass a city • Without getting into the busy inner areas

  18. Ring roads and bypasses: problems • Conflict of interests – for? against? • Environmentalists? • Residents? • Landlords? • Shop owners?

  19. Are there ‘best practices’? How to work out the best strategy to solve urban transport problems?

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