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ELETRONIC MATERIAL

ELETRONIC MATERIAL. BY RAHMI EKA PUTRI. What are eletronic material. Electronic materials are those materials that need to be operated or manipulated. Examples of which include computers, overhead projectors, video tapes or films and audio-recordings.

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ELETRONIC MATERIAL

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  1. ELETRONIC MATERIAL BY RAHMI EKA PUTRI

  2. What are eletronic material • Electronic materials are those materials that need to be operated or manipulated. Examples of which include computers, overhead projectors, video tapes or films and audio-recordings. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_electronic_materials_used_in_teaching

  3. What is an authoring tools • an authoring tool refers to a specialized form of word processing software used by professional writers http://lectora.com/authoring-tool

  4. Using authoring tools to produce materials • support accessible authoring practices; • generate standard markup; • support the creation of accessible content; • provide ways of checking and correcting inaccessible content; • integrate accessibility support into the overall look and feel of the product; • promote accessibility in help and documentation; and • ensure that the tool is accessible to authors with disabilities http://www.w3.org/WAI/impl/software

  5. Pedagogy first and technology second • Do not incorporate technology for the sake of technology. Focus first on apedagogical issue and see if technology can help. • Collaborate and learn from others. A good way of doing this is to visit (andencourage your students to visit) other websites. • Whenever possible, allow your students to have remote access to learningmaterials (through a course website, WebCT, internet links, or email) • Be patient. Using computers as an aid to teaching and learning is aniterative process that requires experimentation and perseverance.

  6. • Use technology to enhance student-centered learning. For example ° Promote active learning: drill and practice modules with feedback are one example ° Encourage collaborative learning (some instructors have studentsproof read each other’s outlines, abstracts or drafts before submission) ° Provide links to the latest data or literature in your field. • Use technology to “think out of the box”. http://www.aucegypt.edu/llt/clt/ChalkTalk/Documents/NWSLTR%20volume%201%20issue%203.pdf

  7. Computer interactivity vs pedagogical interactivity • Computers may seem powerful in many aspects, but in essence all they can do is to present materials and provide pre-determined feedback. • The true creativeness of a learning program must come from the pedagogical side. Theinstructional designmust come before the interactive design.

  8. Computer interactivity refers to the functionality designed for human-to-machineinteraction via computers. Such computer interactive activities include multiple choice quizzes, gap-filling/cloze, matching, drag-and-drop exercises, re-ordering and sentence reconstruction, crosswords,  clickable text and other media, mouse-over annotations, simulation games, interactive animation, automatic speech recognition (ASR), and so on. • Pedagogical interactivity means that the nature and function of interactivity is determined by alearning theory or apedagogical approach. Pedagogical interactivity is situated in the belief that knowledge is constructed through multiple types of interaction

  9. - Learner-content: interaction between content and the learner's belief and knowledge • - Learner-instructor: interaction Involving feedback and guidance to the learner provided by  the instructor • - Learner-learner: interaction between learners that result in clarifications and knowledge construction • - Learner-interface: a function of the technology system through which learner may interact with content, instructor, or other learner • Therefore, computer-mediated communication (CMC), or human-to-human interaction via computers, also needs to be taken into consideration when developing CALL programs http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CALL/unit10.htm

  10. Content design • Brevity:  Remember that "reading from computer screens is about 25% slower than reading from paper... people don't want to read a lot of text from computer screens: you should write 50% less text and not just 25% less since it's not only a matter of reading speed but also a matter of feeling good." (ICT4LT Module 3.2) As a general rule it is advisable to use: - short paragraphs - bullets and tables to make reading easier - lots of white space - more than on the printed page - multimedia to convey meaning - one screen to present all related information

  11. Comprehensibility: The program needs to provide comprehensible input to learners. That is, the difficulty level of learning materials should be appropriate to learners' language level and the information needs to be organizedsystematically and presented clearly. • Accuracy: Make sure the content to be presented is accurate, valid, and unbiased. Double check all the information presented in the program and avoid making typos and grammatical errors.

  12. Interestingness: The content of the CALL program needs to be of great interest to learners in order to motivate them to learn with the program. • Organization: The organization of the content, such as a hierarchical way with topics and sub-topics and an associative way with word/icon links, needs to be well-structured.

  13. Visual design • Consistency:  The placement of elements on the screen needs to be consistent from screen to screen, including the use of color, layout, capitalization, typefaces and fonts. Also, the terminology used in prompts, menus, and help screens needs to be consistent too. • Good Use of Space: Each section of content should fit onto one screen. Different parts of the information should be distinguished from one another spatially rather than through variations in color, style, or other visual treatments. Too many other treatments can clutter the screen with visual noise, which distracts from the content being presented.

  14. Legibility:  The text on the screen must be legible and readable. For legibility, avoid using elaborate typefaces on screen, and text in paragraphs should not be smaller than 12 points. For readability, lines of text should be aligned on the left (i.e. left justified), not on the right, and individual lines of text should be at least several pixels apart. • Careful Use of Color:  Color needs to be used with caution. Overuse of color makes information more difficult to read because the user slows down to think about what the color means. It is important to ensure good contrast between text and background. Dark text on light background is more preferable. Avoid the use of combinations of complementary colors (e.g. red and green, blue and orange, yellow and violet).

  15. Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, Proximity:  Effective screen design exhibits good use of contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity, which are four basic principles of visual design. Differentelements should contrast clearly with each other, whereas common elements, like logos and navigation buttons, should be repeated. Each element on the screen should be aligned either horizontally or vertically. Related items should be placed close to each other, and unrelated items placed farther apart, because users assume that items in close proximity are related.

  16. Navigation design • Ease of Navigation and Recovery: Good design prevents users as much as possible from making serious errors with the interface of the software or the website. A good program should provide easy and clear navigation and instruction for recovery if users get into trouble. Make sure navigation bar appears at the same place on every screen or every webpage.

  17. Multimedia design • High-Quality Playback Audio and video playback must be of sufficiently high technical quality. The synchronization of video with audio is more important than the quality of the video display. The quality of audio needs to be taken into account, particularly because language learners may use some listening materials as a model for their learning of speaking skills.  • Media File Size The size of sound files and video files can be very large, which may result in very long download time and cause inconvenience for learners to use web-based activities using multimedia. It is better to use some sound editing software to compress large files before upload them on the web. http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CALL/unit10.htm

  18. THANK YOU VERY MUCH • CREATED BY MINDA

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