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World War I

World War I. The Actual War this Time. Kills this guy. This guy. ASSASSINATION!. Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, is on a trip to Sarajevo to inspect troops there June 28 th is an anniversary of a historic defeat for Serbia – Serbs are quite upset

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World War I

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  1. World War I The Actual War this Time

  2. Kills this guy This guy ASSASSINATION! • Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, is on a trip to Sarajevo to inspect troops there • June 28th is an anniversary of a historic defeat for Serbia – Serbs are quite upset • GavriloPrincip assassinates Archduke and his wife –claimed he didn’t mean to kill Sophie, only ADFF • Which –ism is this? • Alliances start triggering • A-H declares war on Serbia, and most of the continent is drawn in via obligations to other nations

  3. Schlieffen Plan • “Paris for lunch, St. Petersburg for dinner!” – Kaiser Wilhelm • Plan was to sweep through Belgium (avoiding French defenses) and then south to take Paris and crush the French (42 days). • Eliminating western enemy would allow basically the entire German Army to focus on more formidable but slower Russia • Violation of Belgian neutrality (and violation of the Belgian people) draws in Great Britain • We’ll put some arrows to mark the opening maneuver of the Schlieffen Plan on your map on the next slide…

  4. A Few Map additions • Battle of the Marne (Sept. 1914) – German western advance is stopped • Following battle, both sides try to outflank the other basically all the way to the sea • 2nd Battle of Ypres (April 1915) – First effective use of poison gas • Germans open up canisters of chlorine gas, carried to French trenches by prevailing winds – gas forms an acid when combined with water, destroys moist tissues like lungs and eyes – many die from asphyxiation • Heavier than air, so settles in trenches, forcing soldiers out • Battle of Verdun (Feb-Dec 1916) – Longest battle of war • Fighting in and around series of French forts in area of Verdun • ~300,000 killed, nearly 1,000,000 casualties total

  5. Irish Propaganda Poster American Neutrality • American loyalties divided • German brutality in Belgium (certainly true, but some reports exaggerated) push closer to Allies • Economic ties stronger with Allies • German response to British blockade (unrestricted U-boat activity) strains relations with America • Sinking of passenger ships (Lusitania and others) • Germany eventually agrees to stop sinking passenger ships if US can convince Britain to allow food and fertilizer through blockade

  6. Neutrality Ends • Resumption of unrestricted U-boat combat • Zimmerman telegram • Germany promised it would support Mexico’s attempts to reclaim lost lands if war broke out with America – why would Germany want to make this deal? • Sinking of four American merchant vessels • Overthrow of Russian Monarchy – war could become struggle of democracy against tyrannical monarchies (also convenient timing as the GIANT Russia was about to exit the war)

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