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Advanced Sensors

Advanced Sensors. By: Ashay Tejwani Presenter: Debajyoti Nandy. Purpose. To give you a general idea of which sensor will be best suited for a certain application you think of. Temperature Sensors. Infra Red Thermopile Sensors. All objects give out IR Radiation.

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Advanced Sensors

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  1. Advanced Sensors By: AshayTejwani Presenter: DebajyotiNandy

  2. Purpose • To give you a general idea of which sensor will be best suited for a certain application you think of.

  3. Temperature Sensors

  4. Infra Red Thermopile Sensors • All objects give out IR Radiation. • This radiation is a fixed function of the temperature. • IR Thermopile sensors give a voltage output proportional to the intensity of radiation received. • This can be then related to the temperature of the object.

  5. Infra Red Thermopile Sensors • Application areas: • Ear thermometers • Non Contact Thermometers • Wind shield defogging • Industrial Temperature control • Home appliances • Health care • Thermal relay • http://www.thermometrics.com/assets/images/thermopile.pdf

  6. Ambient Temperature sensor • LM35DT • A precise integrated circuit temperature sensor • Has linearity better than thermistors and an accuracy of 0.5oC

  7. Ambient Temperature sensor • Uses: • Thermostat • Along thermopiles to remove ambient temperature interference. • http://www.therobotlab.co.uk/2011/simple-thermostat-lm35dt-arduino/

  8. Light sensors • A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) gives a resistance proportional to the ambient light. • The resistance decreases as intensity of light increases.

  9. Light sensors • Uses: • Automating lights to start working when ambient light falls below a minima. • In detecting the intensity of light from a source. • http://little-scale.blogspot.in/2007/11/connecting-ldr-to-arduino.html

  10. Occupancy Sensors

  11. Motion Sensor • These sensors work by detecting changes in IR power/sound/ultrasonic waves/microwaves within their Field of View. • The sensor works by converting these changes into 5 Volts signal on its output.

  12. Motion Sensor • Uses: • Motion detection • Object presence detection • Surveillance • http://elcodis.com/parts/2241627/AMN34112.html

  13. Humidity Sensor

  14. Humidity Sensor • The sensor element is built out of a film capacitor on different substrates (glass, ceramic, etc.). • The dielectric is a polymer which absorbs or releases water proportional to the relative environmental humidity, and thus changes the capacitance of the capacitor, which is measured by an onboard electronic circuit.

  15. Humidity Sensor • Uses: • Moisture regulation • Wheather conditions measurement • Sound measurement experiments • http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Temperature-Humidity/

  16. Force Sensors

  17. Force Sensors • These sensors work on the primary principle of Piezo-electricity. • They convert mechanical stimulus into an electrical / voltage signal proportional to the deformation it brings about on the piezo sensitive element.

  18. Force Sensors • Uses: • Pressure Gauge • Tap detection • Force/impact measurement • Load Cells • Strain Gauge • http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/fsr.html

  19. IMU’s

  20. IMU’s • Inertial Measurement Units: an electronic device that measures and reports on a craft's velocity, orientation, and gravitational forces, using a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes, sometimes also magnetometers

  21. IMU’s • Uses: • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles • Quadrotors • Satellites • http://code.google.com/p/ardu-imu/

  22. Accelerometers • Accelerometers are commonly used to measure rate of change of velocity and tilts in systems. • Their usage has become common in a wide range of devices, including mobile phones. • Refer to: • Hand Gesture Input Gloves • Gesture Controlled Car • Hypnotized car all completed in ECSP 2011, based on accelerometers. • http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ADXL3xx • http://www2.usfirst.org/2005comp/Manuals/Acceler1.pdf

  23. Gyrsocope • A gyroscope measures rate of change of acceleration. • It is used in inertial measurement units along with an accelerometer • http://www.instructables.com/id/Guide-to-gyro-and-accelerometer-with-Arduino-inclu/

  24. Magnetometer • It measures the strength and direction of magnetic fields. • It can detect ferrous materials to a greater depth than a normal metal detector.

  25. Flex Sensors

  26. Flex Sensors • The resistance of these sensors varies with the extent to which one bends them. • However, their sensitivity degrades with time. Hence, not a highly recommended sensor. • Also, contacts melt on soldering, hence difficult to interface.

  27. Flex Sensors • Uses: • Finger motion detection • Detecting motion of joints • http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Flex/flex22.pdf

  28. Proximity Sensors

  29. Proximity Sensors • Emits an electromagnetic beam (Infrared, for instance), and looks for changes is field of the return signal. • Types: • Phototransistor • SHARP sensors • TSOP • Ultrasonic Range finders

  30. Proximity Sensors • Uses • Obstacle detection • Touch switch • Vibration measurements in turbines • Anti aircraft warfare • Automatic car parking systems • http://bildr.org/2011/03/various-proximity-sensors-arduino/

  31. Microphone • Convert audible sound into voltage signals. • Uses: • Microphones • Pick-ups • Acoustic projects • http://negativeacknowledge.com/2008/06/final-lightbar-controller/

  32. Non Invasive Current Sensor • Also known as Split Core Current Transformer, it can be clamped around a wire to know the amount of current flowing through it. • http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/node/58

  33. The End • Hope this session was informative and helps in deciding the kind of sensor you need for your projects. • You can refer to the links for more information about each sensor and contact mentors for further information. • All the best for ITSP 2012.

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