The War to End all Wars

1. The War to End all Wars Unit 4 – 3 for 3 Presentation

2. Imperialism & Nationalism • Imperialism • The Industrial Revelation during the turn of the century led to the colonization of other countries so they could develop their markets and gain more natural resources. • Nationalism • Ethnic groups, often minorities, longed for independence or “self determination”. This search for freedom often led to violence. Why? Militarism and Alliances

3. Central Powers (Triple Alliance) In 1879 Germany and Austria-Hungary agreed to form a Dual Alliance. This became the Triple Alliance when in 1882 it was expanded to include Italy. The three countries agreed to support each other if attacked by either France or Russia. Italy, Ottoman Empire (now Turkey). Allies (Triple Entente) Feeling threatened by the Central Powers and the growth in the German Navy Britain andFrance formed an alliance called the Allies. Three years later, Russia, who feared the growth in the German Army as well, joined Britain and France to form the Triple Entente. Belgium, Serbia, Canada, USA. Alliances

4. The Black Hand • Austria-Hungary and Serbia were two countries that were experiencing the unrest and conflict of nationalism. • Serbia believed that Bosnia and Herzegovina, both under Austria-Hungary's control, were rightfully Serbian territory. • This unrest came to a head when the Austrian-Hungarian heir to the throne Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28th, 1914. • The Black Hand favored a union between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia and thought that the assassination of Ferdinand would help in achieving independence from Austro-Hungary.

5. Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia • Due to the complicated series of treaties and alliances allies on both sides got sucked in to what would become the First World War which would affect almost every nation on earth. • The Russian government, which had pledged in to uphold Serbian independence in return for Serbia's acceptance of the Bosnia annexation began to mobilize their military. Germany seeing this declared war on Russia and then its ally, France. Germany's invasion of Belgium on August 4, 1914, whose independence Britain had guaranteed to uphold stood in he way of Germany invading Russia's ally France.

6. German U-boats - Submarines Trench Warfare Airplanes Gas –Chlorine Mustard gas. Machine Guns Flamethrowers Weapons and Technology Deaths in the War would reach 20 million wounded, 10 million died, and 20 million hunger and disease related to war.

7. President Woodrow Wilson declared a policy of strict neutrality. Isolationism Germany threatens US Shipping. Allied indebtedness World economy 1917 people choose war? Neutrality, Isolationism, or Democracy?

8. Woodrow Wilson In order to “make the world safe for democracy”, Wilson wanted to be included in the peace talks after the war. General Pershing Doughboys American troops prevented an Allied defeat. Woodrow Wilson & General Pershing

9. Zimmerman Telegram Coded version Decoded version Germany (U-boat) sinks Lusitania Kaiser “Sink all ships in British waters”. 1917 US enters war Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram

10. Russia leaves due to revolution - American comes to the rescue. Battles with the Germans Victories Major Turning point in American History Woman African Americans Americans Arrive Just in Time

11. Inspire patriotism and hate for the enemy. Making an unpopular war, POPULAR Pro-War Movies & Posters Links to popular war songs. Cartoons Turn off the hate after the war. Committee on Public Information: Propaganda

12. Casualties Dead Wounded Disease & Starvation Sedition Act Espionage Act of 1917 Eugene V. Debs Protestors pay a price Sacrifice during war Food as a weapon of war Food and Fuel administrations Popular support Partnership between business and government Buy bonds 60% of costs funded through liberty bonds Sacrifices of War

13. War to End All Wars? • The old world order • demise of absolutist monarchy in Europe, but • Catalyst for the Russian Revolution • China • Cuba • Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. • US involvement in the Balkans • Ethnic Cleansing

14. War to End All Wars? • Winning the Peace • Defeat of Germany but failed to resolve the unsettled issues that had caused the War in the first place. • Nazism • World War II in 1939. • Technology • Balfour Declaration on Palestine. • Middle East issues

15. Lesson Strategies • The end of the war, Wilson’s Fourteen points etc. will be covered in lessons before and after this presentation. • I will use the “slide in” animation features of PPT on the material that is covered before and ask the students to fill in the blanks as we go. Sort of a quiz to keep them busy and aware. Example - President __________ (click)drafted the 14 points shortly before the end of the war. • The “presentation outline” will have to be retrieved off the web site before class if they want to save on writing all the material. Accountability strategies. • Each Video clip also harbors discussion points for added material. • See the directions under the Unit Lesson site for how the “3 for 3” option works as an assignment to be handed in after they do research on 3 subjects of the presentation that interests them. • PPT presentation will be presented at the beginning of each unit and again at the end. With the incorporation of the video clips and the “quizzing” that takes place the students stay focused very well. The Presentation outline allows for more discussion time instead of the student writing frantically to keep up. Wilson