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DNA->RNA-> Protein

The Central Dogma Replication-> Transcription-> Translation. DNA->RNA-> Protein. Modified from Kim Foglia. Bodies  Cells  DNA. Bodies are made up of cells All cells run on a set of instructions spelled out in DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA  Cells  Bodies.

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DNA->RNA-> Protein

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  1. The Central Dogma Replication-> Transcription-> Translation DNA->RNA-> Protein Modified from Kim Foglia

  2. Bodies  Cells  DNA • Bodies are made up of cells • All cells run on a set of instructions spelled out in DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid)

  3. DNA Cells  Bodies • How does DNA code for cells & bodies? • DNA synthesized ( REPLICATION) • ->RNA-> proteins->cells

  4. DNA Proteins  Cells  Bodies • DNA has the information to build proteins • genes proteins cells DNA gets all the glory,Proteins do all the work bodies

  5. Cell organization • DNA • DNA is in the nucleus • genes = instructions for making proteins • want to keep it there = protected • “locked in the vault” cytoplasm nucleus

  6. Building the polymer

  7. Nitrogenous bases Purine = AG Pure silver! • 2 types of nucleotides • different nitrogen bases • purines • double ring N base • adenine (A) • guanine (G) • pyrimidines • single ring N base • cytosine (C) • thymine (T) • uracil (U)

  8. Base Pairs • Nucleotides bond between DNA strands • H bonds phosphodiester bonds • purine :: pyrimidine • A :: T • 2 H bonds • G :: C • 3 H bonds Matching bases?Why is this important?

  9. nucleus Passing on DNA information • Need to get DNA gene information from nucleus to cytoplasm • need a copy of DNA • messenger RNA cytoplasm buildproteins mRNA ribosome

  10. DNA deoxyribose sugar nitrogen bases G, C, A, T T : A C : G double stranded RNA ribose sugar nitrogen bases G, C, A, U U : A C : G single stranded DNA vs. RNA

  11. Transcription ( DNA->RNA) • Making mRNA from DNA • DNA strand is the template (pattern) • match bases • U : A • G : C • Enzyme • RNA polymerase

  12. RNA structure • Ribonucleic acid • RNA nucleotide ( ribose, phosphate, AUCG) • Phosphodiester bonds • Synthesis ( transcription) nucleolus

  13. Types of RNA • Messenger RNA: carries coded instruction for protein synthesis • Transfer RNA: carries specific amino acids to ribosomes during protein assembly • Ribosomal RNA: part of ribosomes

  14. mRNA A C C A U G U C G A U C A G U A G C A U G G C A aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa How does mRNA code for proteins • mRNA leaves nucleus • mRNA goes to ribosomes in cytoplasm • Proteins built from instructions on mRNA

  15. nucleus Cell organization • Proteins • chains of amino acids • made by a “protein factory” in cytoplasm • protein factory = ribosome cytoplasm buildproteins ribosome

  16. How do proteins do all the work • Proteins • proteins run living organisms • enzymes • control all chemical reactions in living organisms • structure • all living organisms are built out of proteins

  17. H | —C— | H amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid – – – – C—OH —N— O || H Proteins amino acids • Building block = • 20 different amino acids variable group

  18. amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Amino acid chains • Proteins :amino acids chained into a polymer, primary structure held by peptide bonds • Each amino acid is different • some “like” water & dissolve in it • some “fear” water & separate from it

  19. Protein structure • Primary structure: chain of amino acids held by peptide bonds • Sensitive to temperature, pH and ionic conditions • Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes

  20. DNA Replication

  21. From nucleus to cytoplasm transcription protein DNA mRNA translation trait nucleus cytoplasm

  22. From gene to protein protein transcription translation

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