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Chapter 4: Ancient Greece

Chapter 4: Ancient Greece. Section 1: The First Greek Civilizations. Important Terms: Aegean Sea Minoan Civilization…Crete (graphic organizer) Mycenaean…first Greek city-state

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Chapter 4: Ancient Greece

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  1. Chapter 4: Ancient Greece

  2. Section 1: The First Greek Civilizations • Important Terms: • Aegean Sea • Minoan Civilization…Crete (graphic organizer) • Mycenaean…first Greek city-state • Dark Age…Iron came to Greece and adapted the Phoenician alphabet. Called the Dark Age because trade and farming declined and there is a lack of records. • Homer…Iliad and Odyssey (epic poems)

  3. Section 2: The Greek City-States • Important Terms: • Polis: city-state • Acropolis: main gathering place usually on top of a hill • Agora: market place • Hoplites: soldiers • Phalanx: marching formation • Democracy • Oligarchy • Helots • Ephors

  4. Section 2: Greek City-States • Between 750-550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands. • Increased trade and industry creating a new wealthy class…lead to a rise of tyrants • Tyrants ruled city-states for a period of time • The age of tyranny allowed new classes to participate in government…some city-states became democracies, ruled by many. Others became oligarchies, ruled by the few. • Sparta vs. Athens

  5. Athens: Development of Government • First forms of democracy • A council of 500 hundred to propose laws and supervise the treasury and foreign affairs. • The assembly was all male citizens and they had final authority to pass laws after free and open debate. First forms of democracy. • Direct democracy…developed later by Pericles • People participated in government decision making through mass meetings. Every male citizen could participate in the general assembly and vote on major issues. • Form of check and balances- ostracism, exiled for ten years

  6. Section 3: Classical Greece • The Challenge with Persia • Video…Thermopylae • Delian League…beginning of Athenian dominance.

  7. Great Peloponnesian War • Broke out in 431 B.C. • The Peloponnesian War weakened the Greek city-states and ruined cooperation among them. For the next 66 years Sparta, Athens, and Thebes struggled for domination. These internal struggles caused the Greeks to ignore the growing power of Macedonia, an oversight that cost the Greeks their freedom.

  8. Section 4: Culture of Classical Greece • Greek Religion • Mount Olympus • 12 chief god and goddess • Greek Drama • Tragedies • Sophocles • Greek Philosophy • Sophists • Socrates… Socratic method • Plato… The Republic • Aristotle • Writing of History • Herodotus…History of the Persian Wars • Thucydides… History of the Peloponnesian War • Ideals of Greek Art • The subject matter of this art was the human being, presented as an object of beauty. Bases on the ideals of reason, moderation, balance, and harmony in all things, was meant to civilize the emotions

  9. Olympics video and questions

  10. Section 5: Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdom • Important terms: • Macedonia • Philip II • Alexandria • Hellenistic Era

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