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1. Henrik IbsenNorwegian playwright 1828-1906
2. Biography Born in Skien, small coastal town
Prosperous, merchant family brought to financial ruin
Began writing plays in 1850s: prolific output
Rise to eminence and wealth in 1860s
3. Bio, contd 1864-91: travels around Europe, soaking in influences
Long, high-profile career
Drama interested in socio-economic issues, Victorian morality
4. Major Works Peer Gynt (1867)
Pillars of Society (1877)
A Dolls House (1879)
Ghosts (1881)
An Enemy of the People (1882)
Hedda Gabler (1890)
5. Critical Evaluationfrom John Northam, The Relevance of Henrik Ibsen HIs appeal: intuitive and emotional, even on abstract issues and political topics
Challenge to readers: critique our society, our place within it, resist complacency
HIs heroes learn the burden of freedom, but are always limited by society
Society stifles creative energy
Heroes must break free from social values that they have internalized
6. Northam on Ibsen, contd Central concern: dramatize experience of living through tragic paradox of modern world
HIs heroes refuse to be totally conditioned by their socioeconomic roles
Tragedies result from resisting the falsification of the essential self, which HI believes cannot be silenced
7. Poet of Modern Society What are the contradictions inherent in the society that tear at the characters senses of who they are?
HIs insight: whatever society does, whatever it expects, some individuals will refuse to succumb to its deadening power
Dolls House, like other of HIs plays, is formally a tragedy, but one that includes acts of existential heroism